中国早期“小说”的文体特征与发生途径——来自简帛文献的启示

发布时间：2018-02-13 00:26

本文关键词： 小说小说家稗官简帛文体叙事　出处：《中国文化研究》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：《汉书·艺文志》最早赋予"小说""类"的意义,并将其溯源至稗官。秦汉简牍表明稗官系具有附属性质的低级官吏,但"小说"源出稗官之说难以坐实。《汉志》所著录的"小说"大多与黄老、方术有关,战国以降兴起的黄老、方术有一部分滑向"小传统",并被归入"小说家"。《汉志》中的"小说"更多的是价值定位,其内容定位与文体定位相对模糊,且没有确据表明记事是小说家的特征所在。目录学意义的"小说"所确立的价值取向与内容取向,又为作为文体的"小说"奠定了重要基础。由于"小说"标准的不确定,《丹》《泰原有死者》《妄稽》《赤鹄之集汤之屋》等简帛文本是否是"最早的小说"引发学者争议。《丹》《泰原》与后世的志怪小说相似,然而形式与功能仍有差距。《妄稽》虽是俗赋而非小说,但为认识小说的发生提供了重要线索。《赤鹄》与"书"类文献关系密切,"书"的叙事与战国时期涌现的叙事文本一道,反映了中国叙事传统的萌兴。
[Abstract]:"Han Shu 路artistic Literature and Records" was the first to give meaning to "class" of "novel" and trace it back to the "barnyard official". The bamboo slips of Qin and Han dynasties showed that the official of Paspalum was a junior official with subordinate nature. However, it is difficult to sit down with the theory of "novel". Most of the "novels" described by Han Zhi have something to do with Huang Lao and Fang Shu, who rose in the warring States period. A part of Fang Shu slid to "small tradition" and was classified as "novelist". The "novel" in Hanzhi is more of a value orientation, and its content orientation and stylistic orientation are relatively vague. And there is no evidence to show that memorization is the characteristic of novelists. The value orientation and content orientation established by Bibliographic meaning of "novel", Because of the uncertainty of the standard of "novel", whether or not the text of silk and simple silk is "the earliest novel" arouses scholars, such as "Tai's original Dead", "false criticism", "the House of Soup in the Red Hare", etc., which is an important foundation for "novel" as a style of writing. Dispute. < Dan > > Taiyuan is similar to the novels of later generations. However, there is still a gap between form and function. Although it is a vulgar Fu rather than a novel, it provides an important clue for understanding the occurrence of the novel. It has a close relationship with the "Book" literature. The narration of the Book is in conjunction with the narrative texts that emerged during the warring States period. It reflects the charm of Chinese narrative tradition.
【作者单位】：清华大学出土文献研究与保护中心、出土文献与中国古代文明研究协同创新中心;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大招标项目“清华简与儒家经典的形成发展研究”(项目编号:16ZDA114)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：I207.41;K877

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