一种考古研究现象的文化哲学思考——透视所谓“吐火罗”与孔雀河青铜时代考古文化研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 20:53

本文关键词： 吐火罗吐火罗人吐火罗语古墓沟墓地青铜时代　出处：《西域研究》2014年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：新疆地处欧亚交通冲要;居民种族多源、民族复杂;多种文化会聚、异彩纷呈;19世纪初、20世纪前期成国际竞逐的焦点。相关历史、考古、民族、语言、宗教、文化之研究,呈现十分复杂的面貌。目前,学界关注的"吐火罗"问题堪为显例。吐火罗,是里海、黑海北岸古代游牧民族之一,自称"Tochori"。公元前2世纪以前进入阿富汗北部。唐代玄奘译称它为"墿货逻"。公元8世纪前后,在回鹘文《弥勒会见记》题跋中有"Toχri",德国学者据音读相近,指其为印欧语西支中早已失落不见的"吐火罗",并与古欧洲人南下挂钩。近年发掘之孔雀河青铜时代考古文化,被个别学者假想为"吐火罗人"遗痕。有美国学者更将这一"假说"作为结论,并扩展指称塔里木盆地自青铜时代至唐,诸多不同王国、不同民族,均是"吐火罗",甚至与新疆现代民族联系。涉及古族、古国,必须关注特定时空背景;语言、文字不能与民族等同;种族与民族不能等同;它们又都必然在交融中发展。考古遗存必须总体把握,才可认识其民族个性,切忌抓住点滴枝节,就与民族联系。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang is located in Europe and Asia; residents are ethnically diverse and complex; many cultures converge and become the focus of international competition in the early 19th century and the early 20th century. Research on relevant History, Archaeology, nationality, language, Religion and Culture, Taking on a very complicated look. At present, the problem of "puffing fire Luo", which is concerned by scholars, is a case in point. It is one of the ancient nomadic peoples of the Caspian Sea and the northern shore of the Black Sea. He called himself "Tochori". He entered northern Afghanistan before 2th century B.C. and Xuanzang translated it as "logic of goods." around 8th century AD, there was "to 蠂 ri" in the title and postscript of the Uyghur inscription "the interview with Maitreya", which German scholars read closely according to their pronunciation. Refers to it as the lost "Huo Luo" in the western branch of Indo-European language, and is linked to the ancient Europeans' southward descent. In recent years, they have discovered the Malacho River Bronze Age archaeological culture. Some American scholars have taken this "hypothesis" as their conclusion, and expanded their reference to the Tarim Basin from the Bronze Age to the Tang Dynasty, with many different kingdoms and different nationalities. All of them are "puffing fire", even with modern nationalities in Xinjiang. When it comes to ancient nationality and ancient country, we must pay attention to the background of special time and space, language and character cannot be equal with nationality, race and nation cannot be equal. The archaeological remains must be grasped as a whole in order to understand their national individuality, and they should not seize the little bits and pieces, so as to be connected with the nationalities.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学国学院;
【基金】：中国人民大学国学院、新疆文物局“新疆‘吐火罗’问题研究”课题阶段性成果之一复旦大学现代人类学教育部重点实验室高访学者经费上海自然科学基金(项目编号:31071102) 上海市哲学社会科学规划课题(项目编号:2010BZH005)的资助
【分类号】：K871.3

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