考古出土的汉砚研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 10:07

本文关键词： 汉墓砚类型分析区域性研究　出处：《郑州大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：砚是汉代墓葬中一种特殊的随葬品,全国各地的汉墓和遗址中均有砚的出土。本文收录了新中国以来考古出土的二百余方汉砚资料,对其进行系统性的研究。本文第一章对选题意义和研究方法进行阐述,并对砚的出土情况和研究现状加以回顾,说明目前对汉砚的研究较为宽泛,但从考古类型学的角度进行研究相对薄弱。第二章通过类型学对收录的汉砚进行研究,并结合墓葬形制、与砚共存的陶器组合、铜钱和铜镜的特征对其出现时间和流行年代进行推断,确定各类砚的流行时间,显示出汉砚类型多样的特点。第三章对砚进行分区探讨,对不同地区流行的砚式进行系统性的梳理,并根据砚的特征来分析各地区的文化背景和相互影响；第四章对砚在汉代的功能进行分析,得出了汉砚具有文书工具的功能,同时也具有化妆功能的结论。砚在汉代具有“一物多用”的功能属性,到了东汉中期其专属功能开始出现,东汉末期,砚完成了其功能的蜕变,由“一物多用”的“研”转变为专职书写的“砚”。在本章中,对不同材质的汉砚的装饰技法进行了简述；异形砚是汉砚中的奇葩,其材质的选取、构造和装饰设计充分体现了当时汉砚制作技艺的精湛,并且对后世影响深远。结语部分,通过对全文的概括,进一步阐述本文的观点：汉文化的特征是统一多样性,砚出现在全国的墓葬中,且这类墓葬的形制和等级在同一历史时期的不同地域基本相近,这是汉文化的统一性,而各种类型的汉砚和异形砚则是其多样性的表现。
[Abstract]:Inkstone is a special burial object in the tombs of Han Dynasty. There are more than 200 materials of Fang Han inkstone unearthed in Han tombs and ruins all over the country. In the first chapter, the significance of the topic and the research methods are expounded, and the unearthed situation and current research situation of the inkstone are reviewed, which shows that the present research on Han inkstone is relatively broad. However, the study from the perspective of archaeological typology is relatively weak. The second chapter studies the Han inkstone collected by typology, and combines the tomb form with the combination of pottery and inkstone. The features of copper-Qian and copper-mirror infer the time and age of their emergence, determine the popular time of each kind of inkstone, and show the characteristics of various types of Han inkstone. Systematically combing the popular inkstone in different areas, and analyzing the cultural background and mutual influence of each region according to the characteristics of the inkstone. Chapter 4th analyzes the function of the inkstone in the Han Dynasty, and concludes that the Han inkstone has the function of the writing tool. At the same time, it also has the function of makeup. In the Han Dynasty, the inkstone had the function attribute of "one thing with multiple uses", and its exclusive function began to appear in the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the inkstone completed the transformation of its function. In this chapter, the decorative techniques of Han inkstone with different materials are briefly described. The structure and decoration design fully reflected the consummate craftsmanship of Han inkstone production at that time, and had a profound influence on later generations. Conclusion part, through the summary of the full text, further elaborated the viewpoint of this article: the characteristic of Han culture is unity and diversity, Inkstone appears in the tombs of the whole country, and the shape and grade of this kind of tombs are basically similar in different regions of the same historical period, which is the unity of the Han culture, while the diversity of the various types of Han inkstones and special-shaped inkstones is the manifestation of their diversity.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K878.8

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