新石器时代中晚期黄河流域陶衣技术的发展研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 13:47

本文选题：新石器时代　切入点：陶衣　出处：《华夏考古》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本研究利用EDXRF、EPMA和Raman光谱等技术对新石器时代中晚期黄河流域案板遗址、西坡遗址、陶寺遗址、瓦店遗址、桐林遗址和二里头遗址出土的陶衣涂层进行组成结构分析,研究陶衣的原料特征和制作工艺,并将不同时期不同类型的陶衣进行综合对比分析,为探讨陶衣技术的传承与发展以及与釉的起源关系提供依据。结果表明,案板遗址发现的青色光亮涂层中含有较多量的钾(约14%)和磷,这与植物燃烧后的草木灰中含有高含量的钾和磷相似。西坡遗址除了彩陶上具有两种类型的白色陶衣,还发现部分红陶上存在深红色陶衣,铁含量10%,原料为赭石。陶寺、瓦店和桐林遗址都发现了黑色陶衣,原料特点相似,铝含量(20%)都明显较高。二里头遗址原始瓷釉釉层厚度超过100μm,并且连续覆盖于表面。这些陶衣涂层中熔剂氧化物R_XO_Y的总含量有高有低,按时间序列仰韶文化、龙山文化、二里头文化递进而未表现出规律性的增长趋势。新石器时代的陶衣涂层由于烧成温度较低以及胎体易熔的特性,达不到在高温不变形的器物表面呈现玻璃状釉层的效果,但是陶衣工艺长期积累的技术形式应该为早期釉的出现提供了重要的技术基础。
[Abstract]:In this study, the composition and structure of earthenware coating unearthed in the middle and late Neolithic Yellow River Basin, Xipo, Taosi, Wadian, Tonglin and Erlitou sites were analyzed by EDXRF EPMA and Raman spectroscopy. This paper studies the raw material characteristics and manufacture technology of ceramic clothing, and makes a comprehensive comparative analysis of different types of ceramic clothing in different periods, which provides a basis for discussing the inheritance and development of ceramic clothing technology and its relationship with the origin of glaze. The blue and bright coating found at the site contains a large amount of potassium (about 14 percent) and phosphorus, similar to the high content of potassium and phosphorus in plant ash after burning. Xipo site has two types of white pottery except for painted pottery. It was also found that some of the red pottery had crimson pottery clothing, iron content was 10 percent, and the raw material was ochre. The black pottery clothes were found in Taosi, Wadian and Tonglin sites, and the characteristics of the raw materials were similar. The thickness of the original glaze glaze at Erlitou site is more than 100 渭 m, and it is continuously covered on the surface. The total content of flux oxide RXOY in these ceramic coatings is high and low. According to the time series, Yangshao culture, Longshan culture, Due to the low sintering temperature and the fusibility of the matrix, the ceramic coating in the Neolithic age could not achieve the effect of glass glaze layer on the surface of the object that is not deformed at high temperature. However, the long-term accumulation of ceramic coating technology should provide an important technical basis for the emergence of early glaze.
【作者单位】：中国科学院上海硅酸盐河南研究所古陶瓷科学研究国家文物局重点科研基地;河南省文物考古研究院;中国社会科学院考古研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(51602333、51232008) 国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAK08B03) 中华之源与嵩山文明研究会重大委托课题——嵩山地区文明化进程与华夏文明形成阶段性成果
【分类号】：K876.3

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