加拿大世界文化遗产的保护和利用

  本文关键词：加拿大世界文化遗产的保护和利用，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

加拿大世界文化遗产的保护和利用

加拿大世界文化遗产的保护和利用

近几年来,全球化和现代化的加速发展使各国历史文化遗产的完整性和存活状态受到了严峻的挑战,世界遗产的保护、利用和开发研究渐成学术界的热点。特别是对国外世界遗产的研究,可以为我国世界遗产的保护和开发工作提供重要的借鉴。相比我国来说,加拿大的世界遗产数量并不多,但加拿大是世界上最早出台国家公园法的国家之一,是世界上第一个设立专门的国家级公园管理机构的国家,在长期的遗产管理实践中积累了丰富的经验,学习加拿大世界文化遗产保护和利用的历史经验并加以借鉴和利用,对于我国的世界遗产管理能够起到良好的推动作用。我国国内对加拿大世界文化遗产保护和利用的系统研究至今仍较少,本文致力于加拿大世界文化遗产保护和利用的历史经验的研究,以加拿大现有的六处世界文化遗产为研究对象,以大量详实、原始的英文资料为基础,全面浅析浅析加拿大六处世界文化遗产保护和利用的具体措施,浅析浅析其面对不同压力下的具体措施,归纳其遗产保护和利用的共同点。文章同时结合我国世界文化遗产保护和利用近况,运用纵横比较、归纳总结的策略,找出国内外遗产保护和利用的差距,浅析浅析深层理由,提出解决措施,为我国文化遗产保护和利用工作提供可能的推动方案。加拿大国家公园管理局有130多年的历史,是加拿大世界遗产公约的执行领导机构,加拿大世界遗产管理的具体执行单位。1884年加拿大第一个国家公园班夫国家公园成立,1886年加拿大第一部国家公园法《落基山公园法》通过,自此,加拿大的国家公园建设及其相应立法建设就走上了正规道路。加拿大六处世界文化遗产中的四处由国家公园管理局全面或参与管理,其余两处由于土地所有权不足而由所在省、市政府管理。不管由谁来管理,对遗产的保护利用的原则是不变的:宁肯限制旅游发展的规模也要保护遗产的完整性和真实性。如:为了保护梅多斯公园的考古资源,挖掘出的文物又被就地掩埋。为了保护冈瓜伊村落的纪念柱和房屋,管理方规定游客团体人数不得超过12人且必须全程由公园警卫监督,不鼓励大型客船到岛屿来旅游等等。加拿大120多年的国家公园管理经验其实就是文化遗产与自然遗产的保护和利用的经验,研究并学习加拿大世界遗产管理的经验和教训,总结其对我国世界遗产保护和利用工作的启迪,有助于我们更好地做好我国世界遗产的保护和利用工作,为子孙后代保护好我们的宝藏,为中华民族造福,为全人类造福。

【Abstract】 Over these years, the more rapidly pace of globalization and modernization made great challenges to the integrity and state of conservation of cultural heritage in the whole world. It becomes hot topics for the study of protection, use and development of world heritage. It is very important and helpful to study the world heritages overseas.There are not so many world heritages in Canada, compared with China, but Canada is one of the earliest countries to have passed national parks legislation, it is the first one to set up the national parks administrative organization and thus is very experienced in the administration of world cultural heritage. It would be very helpful for us to study and learn from Canada’s historical experiences of protection and use of world cultural heritage.There is still few studies on the systemic studies of Canadian world cultural heritage in China. This thesis is a study of protection and use of world cultural heritage in Canada. It takes the six world cultural heritages in Canada, based on plenty of raw English materials, takes an overall view of Canada’s protective measures about world cultural heritages, analyzes the measures they took to deal with the stresses and situations and then draws a conclusion about heritage’s protection and use in Canada. Besides these, the author describes features of China’s protection and use of world cultural heritage, through means of comparison and summarization, and find the difference and disparity between the two nations, and then the underneath real reason to analyze and sum up, thus to help work out a practical scheme for China’s protection of world cultural heritage.Parks Canada Agency is a very important organization which can be traced back to 1970’s, over 130 years’ history. It is the lead agency for the implementation of the World Heritage Convention, also the administrative agency of the most world heritages in Canada. In 1884, the first Canadian national park Banff National Park was set up, and in 1886, the first act for national parks, Rocky Mountains Park Act, was passed. From then on, the building of national parks and the corresponding legislation began.Of the six world cultural heritage of Canada, four are administrated thoroughly or partly by Parks Canada Agency, the other two are administrated by the provincial or municipal governments because of the land ownerships. No matter of who is the administrator, the principle of the protection and use of world cultural heritage is the same: the most important thing is to protect the integrity and authenticity of the heritages, for example, in L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site, at the beginning of excavation, following each period, the site was reburied, in an effort to protect and conserve the cultural resources. in SGang Gwaay, the size of parties landing on shore at any one time restricted to 12_and they must be supervised by Watchmen staff at all times, Large passenger vessels have been encouraged to go elsewhere.Canada’s administrative experience of national parks over 120 years is the experience of protection and use of world cultural heritage. To study its experience and learn from its lessons would be helpful for us to make it better to protect and use our cultural heritages, which would be great benefit for our future generations, for the Chinese nation, for the whole world.

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  本文关键词：加拿大世界文化遗产的保护和利用，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。