黄河流域仰韶时代晚期—龙山时代陶窑研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 00:29

本文选题：黄河流域　切入点：仰韶晚期—龙山时代　出处：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：黄河流域是中国古代文明的重要发源地,早在新石器时代古代先民就创造出了灿烂的古代文化。陶窑作为一种文化遗存,不仅体现着古代先进的手工业技术,还承载着大量的重要社会信息。本文试图采用与以往不同的分析角度对黄河流域的仰韶时代晚期—龙山时代陶窑进行分析,得出一些新认识。文章分成以下几部分: 前言,对过去已往学者的研究进行回顾和分析,提出本文的分析角度。并且从学者对陶窑各部位名称的差异入手,规范各部位的称谓,避免给研究带来不必要的混乱和麻烦,将陶窑作一名称图说。第一部分、仰韶时代晚期—龙山时代陶窑考古文化分区与陶窑型式划分本文依据黄河流域的自然走势,将黄河流域分成甘青地区、河套地区、中原地区和山东地区四大研究区。对诸考古学文化发现的陶窑进行型式划分,按陶窑窑室平面形状的不同,划分为型:A型,平面呈圆形;B型,平面呈椭圆形;C型,平面呈梯形........根据火道平面形状的不同,再划分为亚型:A型,火道平面呈环形;B型,火道平面呈“北”字形;C型,火道平面呈“非”字形.........最后依据陶窑细部差异进一步作式的划分。按区域由仰韶时代晚期到龙山时代由早及晚对驻诸考古学文化的陶窑进行型式分析。第二部分、仰韶时代晚期—龙山时代陶窑演变考察依前文陶窑的分型定式集中对仰韶时代晚期和龙山时代的陶窑进行纵向比较,试图窥视出黄河流域陶窑从仰韶时代晚期到龙山时代的演变轨迹。对陶窑的结构部位进行纵向比较分析,得出仰韶时代晚期和龙山时代两大时期的陶窑结构差异。通过分析,黄河流域的陶窑从仰韶时代晚期到龙山时代变化明显。文章有重点的考察了这两大时期不同地区不同文化陶窑火力输送系统,可以看到这两大时期的陶窑火道形式甚为丰富。初步总结出,黄河流域仰韶时代晚期的陶窑主要流行直向形和环形结合的火道形式,而龙山时代则主要流行主火道和分火道结合的火道形式。第三部分、陶窑结构剖析与特征总结文章将黄河流域陶窑的各部位解剖开来,逐一分析其结构形式。按陶窑从上至下、由前及后,将陶窑分成窑室、窑门、窑箅、火道、火口和火膛等六个部分分析其建造技术、平面形式和结构构造。从仰韶时代晚期到龙山时代陶窑的各部位变化都是十分明显的。窑室容积增大、平面形式更加丰富;窑箅的大量使用;火眼的增多和均匀分布;火口的上下结构到前后结构的转变.......本文注意到火道的敏感变化,对仰韶时代晚期和龙山时代的陶窑火力输送系统的特征归结为三大火力系统:直向加环形火道组合系统、平行火道组合系统和主火道和分火道组合系统。仰韶时代晚期主要存在直向加环形火道组合系统和平行火道组合系统,到了龙山时代则转变为以主火道和分火道组合系统为主。第四部分、相关问题探讨结合仰韶时代晚期陶窑同仰韶时代中期陶窑作纵向考察,分析陶窑结构的异同,对陶窑这一遗存现象追本溯源。通过对比,得出仰韶时代中期的陶窑主要流行的是环形火道组合系统。进一步的仰韶时代中、晚期与龙山时代陶窑的横向考察和纵向分析,提出仰韶时代中期陶窑均为环形火道系统,主要集中发现于甘肃省东南部分地区,陕西省西部、中部地区。仰韶时代晚期的陶窑新出现直向加环形火道系统和平行火道系统,也极少的出现主火道和分火道组合系统。直向加环向火道系统和平行火道系统分布于甘肃省东南部、陕西省西部和中部地区。较少的主火道和分火道组合系统分布在河南省中北部、河北省南端和山西省中部部分地区。龙山时代的陶窑取而代之的是以主火道和分火道组合系统为主、平行火道系统其次的火力输送形式。主火道和分火道组合系统在龙山时代已遍布黄河流域,平行火道系统仅少见于陕西和山西交界地带。最后,由陶窑这一遗存对陶窑生产的专业化、筑窑工具、炼铜和石灰窑产生以及宗教祭祀等相关问题做一分析。第五部分、结语
[Abstract]:The Yellow River basin is an important birthplace of the ancient civilization Chinese, early in the Neolithic age ancient ancestors created splendid ancient pottery kiln culture. As a kind of cultural heritage, not only embodies the ancient advanced handicraft technology, also carrying a large number of important social information. This paper tries to use in the the Yellow River basin Yangshao period from the late Longshan pottery kiln analysis angle different from the past, some new knowledge is obtained. This paper is divided into the following sections:
Preface, a review and analysis of past scholars' research is made, and the analysis angle of this paper is put forward. From the perspective of scholars' differences in the names of different parts of pottery kiln, the names of different parts are standardized, so as to avoid unnecessary confusion and trouble for research.
The first part, the archeological division of the pottery kiln and the type of pottery kiln in the late Yangshao period Longshan epoch
According to the natural trend of the Yellow River basin, the the Yellow River basin is divided into Gansu area, Hetao area, the Central Plains area and Shandong area four research area. The pottery kiln found on archaeological cultures of different types, according to the plane shape of pottery kiln chamber is divided into different types: type A, type B flat circular; flat, oval; type C, trapezoidal plane........ according to fire planar shapes, and then divided into subtypes: type A, fire plane annular; B type fire plane was "North" font; C type, fire channel plane was "non shaped...... most... According to Tao differences in detail further type division. According to the region by the late Yangshao period to the Longshan period from early and late of Tao in archaeological cultures of pattern analysis.
The second part, the evolution of pottery kiln in the late Yangshao period Longshan Era
According to the above fixed type pottery kiln on the pottery kiln Yangshao and Longshan period of longitudinal comparison, trying to peep out the Yellow River basin from Yangshao pottery kiln to the evolution of the Longshan period. Longitudinal comparative analysis of parts of the structure of the Yangshao pottery kiln, when generation of advanced and the two period of the Longshan period kiln structure differences. Through the analysis of pottery kiln in the Yellow River basin from late Yangshao period to the Longshan period changes. The thesis explores the two periods in different regions and different culture pottery kiln fire delivery system can be seen in the two period of the Tao Yaohuo form is very abundant. It summarized the pottery kiln, the main epidemic in the Yellow River basin during the late period of the straight shape and ring of fire, and fire is mainly popular Longshan road and the main road with fire fire form.
The third part, the structure analysis and Characteristics Summary of the pottery kiln
The various parts of the Yellow River basin Tao dissected, analyze its structure. According to the Tao from top to bottom, from before and after the pottery kiln into the kiln, kiln, kiln grate, fire, and fire chamber burner six parts analyses the construction technology, graphic form and structure structure. From the late Yangshao period change parts to Longshan pottery kiln are very obvious. The kiln chamber volume increases, the plane form is more abundant; extensive use of kiln grate; increasing and uniform distribution of fire; on the burner structure to the structure before and after transformation. This article pays attention to...... is sensitive to the change of the fire channel the characteristics of fire down Tao Yangshao and Longshan era delivery system into three major fire system: vertical combination system with annular flue, flue parallel combination system and the main fire and fire road combined system. During the late period are straight to the fire ring The combination system of road combination and parallel fire channel is transformed into the main fire channel and the fire channel combination system in the Longshan era.
The fourth part, the discussion of related problems
With longitudinal study of Yangshao pottery kiln with mid Yangshao pottery kiln, kiln structure analysis of the similarities and differences of the trace to the source of this phenomenon remains Tao. By contrast, the pottery kiln middle Yangshao period the main epidemic is a combination system of ring road. The fire further Yangshao era, the transverse and longitudinal analysis of advanced study with the Tao Longshan period, put forward the middle Yangshao period pottery Yaojun system ring fire channels, mainly found in the southeast part of Gansu Province, Shaanxi Province in central western region. During the late period, Tao Yaoxin straight to the ring road system and parallel with the fire fire system, rarely appear the main fire channel and the fire channel combination system. Straight to the ring road and fire system and parallel flue system is located in the southeast of Gansu Province, Shaanxi Province, central and western regions. The main fire channel and less fire road system distribution in the river North south province, Hebei province and Shanxi Province, the southern tip of the central part of the region. It is the Tao of Longshan road to the main fire and fire system, parallel fire fire road transportation system. Secondly the main fire channel and fire channel combination system has spread all over the the Yellow River River Basin during the time, parallel system the road is rare in the Shaanxi fire and Shanxi border. Finally, by the remains of pottery kiln kiln production specialization, building kiln tools, copper smelting and lime kiln production as well as the religious worship and other related issues to do an analysis.
The fifth part, the conclusion

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K872

【引证文献】