中国新石器时代筒形器研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 02:18

本文选题：新石器时代　切入点：筒形器　出处：《辽宁大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国新石器时代晚期出现了一种呈空心圆筒状、无盖无底的特殊器类——筒形器。笔者通过搜集资料，明确了此类器物的定义，并按其材质的区别将其分成3类。立足于每一个类别的筒形器，结合众多学者之前的研究成果，又按照筒形器的细微差别将其划分为众多型式，排出早晚关系，使得筒形器在器形方面的发生、发展形成整体的概念。本文的第二部分则是论述筒形器的使用及功能。笔者通过资料分析，归纳出筒形器分别在祭祀遗址和墓地中的发现状况及使用方式，并在此基础上证明了筒形器作为非实用器的本质特征，得出不论何种材质的筒形器皆为祭祀专用器物或巫觋通神的法器这一结论。文章第三部分通过对出土筒形器的各个文化祭祀遗址及墓葬进行分析，对照各考古报告，参照以往学者对其对应的考古学文化的分期研究，排出各类筒形器诞生的年代上限，并据此推断出筒形器的源是红山文化出土的陶筒形器。在陶筒形器蕴含的宗教思想壮大发展之后逐渐形成了更加精美，便于携带和使用的玉箍形筒形器，以及在其影响下出现的骨牙类筒形器，在玉箍型筒形器和骨牙筒形器作为通天、通神法器的宗教观念影响下，良渚文化先民发明了具有其文化特点的玉琮型筒形器。至此，筒形器的发展达到繁荣的制高点。结语部分参考我国筒形器流行的社会背景，分析了为何筒形器会被赋予如此神圣的职能并大量出现，随着良渚文化的没落，筒形器也随之逐渐退出历史舞台。在完成了其神圣使命之后，筒形器在后世中被当做财富的象征或是艺术品被模仿和收藏，但是它所代表的神圣的信仰则彻底消失了。筒形器流行的1000多年间正是我国古代社会从氏族社会向阶级社会过渡的大变革时期，筒形器作为一种饱含宗教意味的特殊器类在这样一个重大变革的历史阶段中发挥了不可替代的作用。此外，，在大溪文化中大量出现直身筒状，器身施以繁缛纹饰的特殊陶支座，种种迹象表明其并非真的当作支座来使用，而是与筒形器一样作为礼器来使用的。但由于笔者对其认识尚浅，还不能断定这些中空器座是否与筒形器之间存在一定的联系。
[Abstract]:China late Neolithic age there is a hollow cylinder, no special device without a bottom cover of cylinder. Through collecting data, a clear definition of this kind of implements, and according to the difference of its material will be divided into 3 categories. Cylinder based on each category, combining with the research results before many scholars, and in accordance with the nuances of cylinder can be divided into many types, and discharge of cylinder, makes the occurrence of shape in the overall concept, formation and development.
The second part of this paper is the use and function of this cylinder. Through data analysis, summed up the cylinder respectively in the sacrificial sites in the cemetery and found the status and use, and on the basis of that cylinder as the essential characteristic of non utility is that, not on what kind of material of cylinder all for this conclusion worship gods special objects or Shaman instruments. The third part of the paper through the various cultural ritual sites and tombs unearthed in cylinder are analyzed, the control of the archaeological report, according to the staging of scholars of the corresponding archaeological culture, from all kinds of cylinder was born in the upper limit, and the inferred cylinder source is ceramic cylinder Hongshan Culture unearthed. In the ceramic cylinder contains the religious thought of development gradually formed a more beautiful, easy to carry and use the jade hoop shaped cylinder Well, kind of bone teeth appear in the cylinder under the influence of the shape, the jade hoop type cylinder and bone tooth cylinder as the influence of the concept of Babel, Religious God objects, Liangzhu ancestors invented the jade type cylinder has its cultural characteristics. Thus, the development of cylinder to achieve prosperity of the commanding heights.
The conclusion part of the reference cylinder of popular social background of our country, analyzed the reasons why the cylinder will be endowed with such sacred functions and the emergence of a large number, with the decline of Liangzhu culture, cylinder will gradually withdraw from the stage of history. After the completion of the mission, the symbol of cylinder as wealth in posterity or art is imitation and collection, but it represents the holy faith is completely disappeared. Cylinder is popular in more than 1000 years from the clan society to class society transition period of great change in Chinese ancient society, special device of cylinder as a full play not religious the important role in the historical stage of such a major change. In addition, the emergence of a large number of straight cylindrical body in Daxi Culture, with special pottery bearing elaborate ornamentation, are signs that its not really as a support to Use, but as with the cylinder as a ritual to use. But because of the author's understanding of it is still shallow, it can conclude that these hollow holder whether there is a certain relationship between the device and barrel.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K871.13

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