云南德钦永芝古墓葬出土铜铁器的初步分析

发布时间：2018-03-12 08:49

本文选题：德钦永芝　切入点：铜锡合金　出处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2014年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：德钦县位于云南省西北部横断山脉地段,是北方青铜文化传入云南的重要地区。为研究滇西北地区青铜时代的金属技术,采用金相观察和化学成分分析方法,对德钦永芝战国末至西汉早期的古墓葬出土铜铁器进行了研究。分析的11件铜器中,发现其材质有红铜、Cu-Sn合金、Cu-As-Pb合金,以及含As的其它铜金属,合金类型有多样化的特点,但红铜占较大比例。Cu-As-Pb合金是云南第2次发现砷白铜,其冶炼技术的来源值得关注。铁器中出现了块炼渗碳钢,为一种低碳钢,这是滇西北地区首次科学分析的铁制品。铜器加工方式主要为热锻和热锻后冷加工,个别为铸后冷加工。该墓葬出土的铜剑、铜马杖头和弧背刀等都有明显的北方草原文化影响,说明这些技术可能与北方草原文化有关。本文首次用科学手段分析了滇西北迪庆地区的青铜器和铁器技术,对研究云南早期青铜文化金属器的制作工艺及其来源有一定意义。
[Abstract]:Deqin County, located in the Hengduan Mountains in the northwest of Yunnan Province, is an important region where the northern bronze culture has been introduced into Yunnan. In order to study the metal technology of the bronze age in Northwest Yunnan, metallographic observation and chemical composition analysis methods are used. The copper and iron objects unearthed in ancient tombs from the end of the warring States period of Deqin Yongzhi to the early Western Han Dynasty were studied in this paper. Among the 11 copper vessels analyzed, it was found that the materials of the bronze wares were red copper, Cu-Sn alloy and Cu-As-Pb alloy, as well as other copper metals containing as, and the alloy types were various. However, Cu-As-Pb alloy is the second discovery of arsenic white copper in Yunnan Province, and the source of smelting technology is worthy of attention. This is the first scientific analysis of iron products in Northwest Yunnan. The main processing methods of copper ware are hot forging and cold working after hot forging, and some of them are cold working after casting. These techniques may be related to the northern grassland culture. This paper, for the first time, analyses the bronze and iron techniques in Diqing area, Northwest Yunnan, by scientific means. It is of great significance to study the manufacture technology and source of the bronze cultural metal ware in early Yunnan.
【作者单位】：北京科技大学冶金与材料史研究所;迪庆藏族自治州博物馆;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(项目批准号:51174033)的研究成果
【分类号】：K876.4

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