长江中下游地区新石器时代方形多间连房初探

发布时间：2018-03-14 04:52

本文选题：长江中下游　切入点：多间连房　出处：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从古至今,房屋都是人们生活中必不可少的物质条件,房屋的布局方式影响着人们的居住环境和生活质量。通过考古发掘的地下材料并结合文献,我们认为长江中下游地区的连房发展脉络清晰完整,对后世产生了深远影响,连房随着其他文化符号一起向外传播,影响到了北方仰韶文化地区和黄河以南的龙山文化区,体现了长江文化对黄河文化的巨大影响。长江中下游地区多间的连房发展在顺序上大概可分为四个阶段:第一阶段,距今约10000~6300年以前连房初现,长江中下游地区出土了迄今为止最早的连房基址,上山遗址出土了最早的干栏式方形连房,高庙遗址出土了最早的地面式方形连房。第二阶段,距今约6300~5500年,连房得到初步发展。具体表现在:连房数量逐步增多,建造技术得到提高。代表性遗址有大溪文化时期的城头山遗址、阴湘城遗址、江苏溧阳神墩遗址等,城头山遗址发现了最早的烧砖,这是一大进步。第三阶段,距今约5500~5000年,连房在长江流域广泛发展,北方仰韶文化地区亦发现了多处连房。长江中下游代表性遗址有青龙泉、雕龙碑、应城门板湾等,仰韶文化区代表遗址有八里岗、大河村、大地湾等。这一时期房屋建造技术的特点有:地面式起建、较多的采用红烧土砌筑墙体、形状初步规则的烧砖逐步流行、奠基常伴随着祭祀仪式、巧妙利用红烧土防潮、建筑打桩等。第四阶段,石家河文化时期,连房进一步发展。这一时期的连房,规模大、分间数量多、营建技术高超。特点有:建筑打桩技术继续发展、房屋建造技术注重实用性、建筑材料方面发展快。连房影响到黄河以南的龙山文化区,古城寨、平粮台、藤花落等遗址均发现了连房。长江下游的连房经历了从干栏式到地面式的发展历程,高庙文化时期连房随着八角星等文化符号一起外传,下游的地面式多间建筑可能是长江中游影响的结果。长江上游早期未发现连房基址,到宝墩文化时得到普及,亦可能是长江中游地区传播过去的。不管是长江中下游地区还是黄河流域都出现了在当时较为先进的建筑,多间连房这种布局方式对北方仰韶文化地区和黄河以南龙山文化地区的影响,体现了长江文化对黄河文化的巨大影响。
[Abstract]:From ancient times to the present, houses are essential material conditions in people's lives. The layout of houses affects people's living environment and quality of life. We believe that the development of condominiums in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is clear and complete, which has had a profound impact on later generations. It has spread out along with other cultural symbols and affected the Yangshao cultural region in the north and the Longshan cultural area south of the Yellow River. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, there are probably four stages in the development of condominiums: the first stage, about 10,000 years ago to the beginning of 6300, is the first stage of the development of condominiums in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which has a great impact on the culture of the Yellow River. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the earliest base sites of connected houses have been unearthed so far, the earliest square contiguous houses of the dry column type have been unearthed from the upper mountain sites, and the earliest ground-type square contiguous houses have been unearthed at the Gaomiao site. The second stage, about 6300-#date0#, has been unearthed. The initial development of contiguous houses is manifested in the following aspects: the number of contiguous houses is gradually increasing, and the construction technology has been improved. The representative sites include the Chengtou Mountain site in the period of Tahsi Culture, the Yin-Xiang City site, the Liyang Shendun site in Jiangsu Province, and so on. In the third stage, from about 5500 to 5000, Lianfang was widely developed in the Yangtze River Basin, and many connected houses were also found in the Yangshao culture area in the north. The representative sites in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River include Qinglong Quan. Diaolong tablet, Yingcheng Gate Banwan, Yangshao Cultural area, representative sites of Baligang, Da he Village, Dadi Wan, etc. During this period, the characteristics of the building construction technology are: ground type construction, more use of red clay masonry wall, Bricks with initial rules of shape gradually became popular, with foundation laying often accompanied by sacrificial ceremonies, clever use of burnt soil to prevent dampness, construction piling, and so on. 4th stage, Shijiahe culture period, further development of housing connection. In this period, the scale of condominiums was large. The characteristics are: the construction piling technology continues to develop, the building construction technology pays attention to practicability, and the building materials develop rapidly. The connecting houses affect the Longshan cultural area, the ancient city stockades, and the level grain platform south of the Yellow River. In the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the contiguous houses experienced the development from the dry hurdle type to the ground type. During the period of Gaomiao culture, the contiguous houses were passed out with the octagonal stars and other cultural symbols. Many buildings in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River may be the result of the impact of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. In the early stages of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the site of connected houses was not found, and when the culture of Baodun was popularized, It may also have been spread in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Both in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and in the Yellow River basin, more advanced buildings appeared at that time. The influence of this arrangement on the Yangshao culture area in the north and the Longshan cultural area south of the Yellow River reflects the great influence of the Yangtze River culture on the Yellow River culture.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K878

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