山东高青陈庄遗址炭化植物遗存分析

发布时间：2018-03-19 04:25

本文选题：陈庄遗址　切入点：植物考古　出处：《山东大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 通过对陈庄遗址出土炭化植物遗存的分析,本文初步探讨了聚落农业及相关问题。农作物是居民植物性食物的主要来源,包括粟、黍、小麦、大豆和水稻,这种多种农作物的种植制度其意义不仅在于可以提高农业的总体产量,而且还在于能够减少粮食种植的危险系数,是农业发展水平的一个重要标志。从农作物的出土数量和出土概率看,陈庄聚落在西周时期发展了典型的旱作农业,因为粟、黍、小麦和大豆等旱地作物在农作物中占绝对优势,而且目前无法确定少量的稻属于旱种还是水种。在早地作物中,粟和黍出土数量和出土概率最高,但如果考虑不同类型农作物的千粒重和丢落并保存在遗址中可能性的差异,四种作物的产量和在农业中的地位可能比较接近,或者粟的地位稍高。动、植物遗存的综合分析显示,采集、渔猎活动可能是农业经济的补充。在出土农作物遗存的多数遗迹单位中都发现了蚌壳和陆生动物骨骼,葡萄属等可食植物虽然数量不多,但每个时期都有发现。植物遗存分析结果还揭示了西周早期到晚期农业等人类活动的变化情况,这种变化与考古发掘揭示的聚落功能和地位的变化存在某种对应关系,显示了植物考古研究在全面认识聚落社会生活方面的重要性。陈庄聚落西周中期偏晚阶段的灰坑等打破了早期的城墙,可能表明聚落的功能和政治地位发生了变迁,而这种变迁可能直接影响了聚落农业生产,因为植物遗存分析结果显示,西周中期偏早阶段不仅农作物种类减少,而且农田杂草的数量和出土概率明显升高,而中期偏晚阶段,可能是动荡之后的稳定时期,农业发展达到了该聚落的顶峰,农作物的种类增多,出土数量和出土概率都明显高于非农作物,农田杂草的减少,可能暗示农业生产特别是中耕除草技术的发展。。
[Abstract]:Based on the analysis of charred plant remains unearthed in Chenzhuang site, this paper preliminarily discusses settlement agriculture and related problems. Crops are the main source of plant food for the population, including millet, millet, wheat, soybeans and rice. Moreover, it is an important symbol of the level of agricultural development that it can reduce the risk coefficient of grain planting. Judging from the unearthed quantity and unearthed probability of crops, Chen Zhuang's settlement developed a typical dry farming agriculture during the Western Zhou Dynasty, because of millet and millet. Dryland crops, such as wheat and soybean, are dominant in crops, and it is impossible to determine whether a small number of rice is dry or water. Among the early crops, millet and millet unearthed the highest number and unearthed probability. But if we take into account the difference of 1000 grain weight and loss of different types of crops and the possibility of preserving them in the site, the yield of the four crops may be close to their position in agriculture, or the position of millet may be slightly higher. A comprehensive analysis of the remains of animals and plants shows that collecting, fishing and hunting activities may be complementary to the agricultural economy. In most of the remnant units of unearthed crops, clam shells and terrestrial animal bones have been found. Although the number of edible plants such as the genus Grape is small, they are found in every period. The results of plant remains analysis also revealed the changes of human activities, such as agriculture from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the late Western Zhou Dynasty, which had a corresponding relationship with the changes in settlement function and status revealed by archaeological excavations. This shows the importance of plant archaeological research in understanding the social life of settlements. The ash pits in the late Western Zhou period of Chenzhuang settlement broke down the early city walls, which may indicate that the functions and political status of settlements have changed. This change may have a direct impact on settlement agricultural production, because the analysis of plant remains shows that not only the species of crops decreased, but also the number of weeds and the probability of unearthed in the middle stage of the Western Zhou Dynasty increased obviously, while in the middle stage of the late stage, the number of weeds and the probability of unearthing were obviously increased. It may be a stable period after the turbulence. The agricultural development has reached the peak of the settlement, the number of crops has increased, the unearthed number and unearthed probability are obviously higher than those of the non-crops, and the weeds in the farmland have decreased. This may imply the development of agricultural production, especially intercropping and weeding techniques.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K872

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