考古发现与民族认同——以民国时期中国历史教科书为中心

发布时间：2018-03-21 20:29

本文选题：考古发现　切入点：民族认同　出处：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2016年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：1920年代兴起的中国近代考古学,具有强烈的民族关怀,影响到人们的古史观念与民族认同。考古学使中国历史书写从形式到内容都发生了变化。考古学兴起后,中国历史以商代为界划分为史前史与历史期。在这个新的架构下,对上古史事重新进行解释:属于史前史阶段的古史记载被视为神话与传说,"三皇五帝"等上古帝王被视为社会演进阶段的象征。考古学对民族认同产生双重影响:石器时代,特别是北京人的发现,拉长了中国历史,使中国成为世界最古老的国家和人类发祥地之一,有助于增强民族自信心;商代的历史期划分,相较于此前的伏羲氏、黄帝等信史起点,缩短了中国历史期,会削弱民族自豪感。更重要的是,史前史的出现以及上古记载不再被视为信史,使黄帝等上古人事处于无法证实的"悬疑"状态,与国家确立的民族与建国始祖黄帝叙述相背离,实际上宣告了"黄金时代"观念的破灭,从而冲击甚至动摇民族认同。从考古学证史的实际效用来看,国家在利用考古学建立民族认同时,需要关注其双重影响。
[Abstract]:The rise of modern Chinese archaeology in the 1920s, with strong national concern, affected people's concept of ancient history and national identity. Archaeology made Chinese historical writing change from form to content. After the rise of archaeology, Chinese history is divided into prehistoric history and historical period by the Shang Dynasty. Under this new framework, Reinterpretation of ancient history: ancient history records belonging to the prehistoric stage are regarded as myths and legends, and ancient emperors such as "three Emperors" are regarded as symbols of the stage of social evolution. Archaeology has a dual impact on national identity: the Stone Age. In particular, the discovery of the Beijingers has lengthened the history of China and made China one of the oldest countries and birthplaces of mankind in the world, contributing to the enhancement of national self-confidence. The division of historical periods in the Shang Dynasty was compared with that of Fuxi before that. The beginning of the historical history of the Yellow Emperor shortened the period of Chinese history and weakened national pride. More importantly, the appearance of prehistoric history and the ancient records were no longer regarded as the history of faith, leaving the personnel of the ancient times such as the Yellow Emperor in a state of "suspense" that could not be verified. Deviating from the narration of the nation established by the state and the narration of the Yellow Emperor, the founder of the people's Republic of China, actually declared the collapse of the concept of the "Golden Age", thus impacting and even shaking the national identity. When using archaeology to establish national identity, the state should pay attention to its dual influence.
【作者单位】：安徽财经大学历史文化研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“中国百年教科书整理与研究”(项目批准号:10&ZD095)成果上海市历史教育教学研究基地的资助
【分类号】：K871.6

【共引文献】