龟兹地区佛寺布局的考古学研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 02:36

本文选题：龟兹　切入点：佛寺布局　出处：《西北大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：龟兹位于古丝绸之路北道,西连疏勒,东邻焉耆,隔沙漠与于阗相望,是商人、僧侣往来中亚和中原的必经之路之一。约在公元1世纪,佛教传入龟兹,并在公元3世纪中期达到鼎盛。随着佛教在龟兹境内的发展,其积极向东传播,魏晋到隋唐时期多有龟兹高僧到内地进行传法译经活动。本文对龟兹地区的佛寺布局进行了考古学研究。按照礼拜中心的不同,龟兹佛寺可分为以塔为中心、塔殿并重和以佛殿为主三种类型；再按照礼拜区与僧房区的相互关系,龟兹佛寺又分为分离式和庭院式两类。其中以塔为中心型只见于分离式布局,以佛殿为主型则只见于庭院式布局。通过与新疆疏勒、焉耆、于阗和中原地区佛寺布局的比较研究,龟兹佛寺布局可分为3-4世纪、4-5世纪、6-9世纪三个发展阶段。佛寺的主体建筑从佛塔向佛殿变化,布局则从分离式向庭院式发展。与新疆其他地区相比较,疏勒、龟兹和焉耆同属于龟兹佛教文化圈,但表现在佛寺布局上,疏勒和龟兹的佛寺比较相似,焉耆佛寺布局则显示出较多的自身特点。平面呈“回”字型的佛殿在疏勒、焉耆、于阗都占有一定的数量,在龟兹佛寺中数量却较少。可见虽然同属龟兹佛教文化圈,在佛寺布局和建筑形制上三者各有侧重点。与中原地区相比较,中原早期佛寺布局受龟兹的影响,表现为佛寺布局以佛塔为中心；而晚期中原则影响了龟兹的佛寺布局,这种影响主要表现在龟兹庭院式及对称性布局的出现上,这与龟兹长期同中原保持着密切的交往,唐王朝又大力经营西域,将安西都护府设于龟兹有关。
[Abstract]:Here is located in the ancient Silk Road, west of Shule, east of Yanqi, across the desert and Yutian River, is a businessman, one of the only way which must be passed monks from Central Asia and the Central Plains. Around first Century, the introduction of Buddhism in Kucha, and the mid third Century reached its peak. With the development of Buddhism in Qiuci in China, its positive the East spread of Wei Jin to Sui and Tang Dynasties many monks to the mainland from Qiuci translation activities.
In this paper, the layout of the temple area of Qiuci archaeological research. According to the different centers of worship, Qiuci Buddhist temple can be divided into a tower as the center, and to both tower temple Fodian mainly three types; again according to the relationship between worship area and monk room area, and divided into separate Qiuci Buddhist temple and courtyard two. With the tower as the center type only in separate layout, mainly to Fodian type is found only in the courtyard layout.
The Yanqi and Xinjiang, Shule, a comparative study of Yutian and the Central Plains area layout of the temple, the temple of Qiuci layout can be divided into the 3-4 century, the 4-5 century, the 6-9 century three stages of development. The main building of the Temple Pagoda to change from the Buddha, the arrangement developed from separated into courtyard. Compared with other areas in Xinjiang, Shule, Qiuci and Yanqi belong to the Buddhist culture circle of Qiuci, but the temple layout, Shule and Qiuci Buddhist temple of Yanqi Temple layout is quite similar, showing more of its own characteristics. The plane was "return" - a Buddhist temple in Shule, Yanqi, Yutian occupy a certain number, but the number of Buddhist temples in Kucha less visible. Although belong to Kucha Buddhist culture, Buddhist temple in the layout and architectural form on the three have different emphases. Compared with the Central Plains region, the early Buddhist temple layout by the influence of the Central Plains is Qiuci, Buddhist temple pagoda to layout As the center; and in the late of Qiuci Buddhist temple layout principle, this effect is mainly reflected in the appearance of Qiuci courtyard and symmetry layout, and the long term with the Central Plains Qiuzi has maintained close contacts, the Tang Dynasty and to the management of western region, the Anxi protectorate in Qiuci.

【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K878.6

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