唐宋时期馒头窑初步研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 09:32

本文选题：唐宋　切入点：馒头窑　出处：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文主要是从窑炉内部结构特征的角度,揭示了唐宋时期馒头窑发展演变的过程,并对馒头窑的区域分布作了初步的分析。全文共分为四个部分。第一部分简要介绍了馒头窑考古发现的基本情况,并对以往馒头窑的研究概况进行了回顾。第二部分主要是对该文所用窑炉的年代进行了说明。第三部分主要阐述了馒头窑的发展演变情况。唐宋时期馒头窑的发展演变可分为五个阶段:第一阶段,7世纪初期-8世纪初期,这一阶段的馒头窑发现数量较少,窑炉具有原始性,结构不是十分合理;第二阶段,8世纪中期-9世纪后期或稍晚,窑炉数量开始增多,窑炉火膛深浅不一,窑床形制以窄长为主,开始向横宽方向发展;第三阶段,10世纪初期-10世纪后期,这一阶段在保持前一阶段的基本形制上,做出很多有益尝试;第四阶段,11世纪初期-12世纪初期,窑炉数量猛增,窑炉结构及其使用燃料也发生较大变化。出现专门的通风道,较窄长。火膛普遍变深,开始使用炉栅。窑床形制基本为横宽型,面积比例下降。开始以煤为燃料;南方地区馒头窑的使用中心,由广东地区转移到了川渝地区,数量也从以前的十几座发展到该期的五、六十座;第五阶段,12世纪中期-13世纪后期,窑炉规模变的非常高大。通风道高大且深,窑床以横宽为主,燃料以煤为主。该时期各地区的窑炉相对前几阶段而言,更多呈现出一种趋同性。第四部分,首先,分析了窑炉的整体分布,唐宋时期馒头窑的分布以北方地区为中心,而北方地区又以河南、河北、陕西最为集中;南方地区以川渝、广东地区为主要分布区,其他地区有零星分布。然后,把唐宋时期的馒头窑分为山东地区、河北中北部及其以北地区、河北南部地区、陕西及河南中西部地区、宁夏地区、广东地区、川渝地区及其他地区(包括浙江、江西、湖南地区),其中山东、广东地区的窑炉具有浓重的地方性色彩;川渝地区的窑炉技术在北宋前后可能有不同的源,北宋之前源于当地,之后来自北方。馒头窑窑炉在南北方地区之间及北方地区的内部均存在技术的交流。最后,为结语部分,对本篇论文做了概括总结。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the development and evolution of steamed bread kiln in the Tang and Song dynasties were revealed from the perspective of the internal structure of the kiln, and the regional distribution of the steamed bread kiln was analyzed preliminarily. The whole paper is divided into four parts. The first part briefly introduces the basic situation of the archaeological discovery of the steamed bread kiln, and reviews the previous research situation of the steamed bread kiln. The second part mainly explains the age of kiln used in this article. The third part mainly expounds the development and evolution of steamed bread kiln. The development and evolution of steamed bread kiln in Tang and Song dynasties can be divided into five stages: the first stage is from the beginning of the 7th century to the beginning of the eighth century, and the number of steamed bread kilns discovered in this stage is relatively small. In the second stage, the number of furnaces began to increase, the depth of the furnace was different, and the kiln bed shape was mainly narrow in length, and began to develop in the direction of horizontal and wide, while the kiln was primitive and its structure was not very reasonable, and in the second stage, from the middle to the later part of the eighth century, the number of kiln furnaces began to increase, and the depth of furnace chamber was different. In the third stage, from the beginning of the tenth century to the end of the tenth century, many useful attempts were made to maintain the basic form of the previous stage; in the fourth stage, from the early 11th century to the early 12th century, the number of kilns increased sharply. The furnace structure and its fuel have also changed greatly. There are special ventilation channels, narrow and long, the furnace chamber is generally deeper, and the furnace grille has been used. The kiln bed is basically of transverse width, the area ratio is decreased, and the coal is used as fuel; The use center of steamed bread kilns in southern China was transferred from Guangdong to Sichuan and Chongqing, and the number of steamed bread kilns increased from a dozen in the past to five or sixty in the same period, and the fifth stage was from the mid-12th century to the late 13th century. The kiln scale becomes very large. The ventilation channel is tall and deep, the kiln bed is mainly horizontal width, and the fuel is mainly coal. The fourth part, first of all, analyzes the whole distribution of kiln. In the Tang and Song dynasties, the distribution of steamed bread kiln is centered in the northern region, and the northern region is the most concentrated in Henan, Hebei and Shaanxi, and the southern region is Sichuan and Chongqing. Guangdong is the main distribution area, and other areas are scattered. Then, the steamed bread kilns of the Tang and Song dynasties are divided into Shandong region, central and northern Hebei, southern Hebei, Shaanxi and central and western Henan, Ningxia. In Guangdong, Sichuan and Chongqing, and other regions (including Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, etc.), the kiln in Shandong and Guangdong has a strong local color; the kiln technology in Sichuan and Chongqing may have different sources before and after the Northern Song Dynasty. Before the Northern Song Dynasty, it originated from the local area, and then from the north. There was a technical exchange between the northern and southern regions and within the northern part of the northern part of the kiln. Finally, for the conclusion part, has made the summary to this paper.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K876.3

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