“四面像碑”与“四面佛像”

发布时间：2018-04-04 23:00

本文选题：四面像碑　切入点：北朝　出处：《社会科学战线》2015年09期

【摘要】：在现存众多的宗教造像或造像碑中,有一类被称为"四面像碑"的佛像碑刻比较特殊。它作为宗教观念的一种反映,有着更复杂的内容。在外来文化传入之前,古代中国是没有诸如四面像这样的概念的,更不要说找到实物了。考察目前存世的四面像碑,至少可以得出四点结论:一是这些四面像碑主要分布在北方的黄河流域,时间一般为唐以前,而以北朝时期为主。二是这些四面像的造型,不管它是属于何种类型的,不管是碑形还是具像的四面,都是来自于印度,并被华土的人们视作与佛教相关。三是华土的碑四面所镌之像往往有主次之别,此或许反映了印中之间的一种观念变化。四是四面或四方佛像碑主要体现着信徒的做功德愿望,而四面佛之像碑或许仅仅是作为一个崇拜对象。或许因为如此,四面或四方佛像碑之数量要远远多于四面佛之像碑,因为做功德是一种普遍的信仰表现,而四面佛很可能是较特殊教义里的崇拜对象。
[Abstract]:Among the numerous existing religious statues or tablets, there is a special kind of Buddhist inscription called "four-sided tablet".As a reflection of religious ideas, it has a more complex content.Before the introduction of foreign culture, ancient China did not have such a concept, let alone find physical objects.At least four conclusions can be drawn from the investigation of the existing four sides of the world: first, these tablets are mainly distributed in the Yellow River basin in the north, generally before the Tang Dynasty, and mainly in the Northern Dynasty.The second is that the shapes of these four-sided statues, no matter what type they belong to, whether they are tablets or images, come from India and are regarded by the people of China as being related to Buddhism.The third is that the engraved images on each side of the stone are different, which may reflect the change of ideas between India and China.The fourth is that the four or four Buddhist statues mainly reflect the wish of the believers to do the work of merit, and the four sides of the Buddha monument may be just as an object of worship.Perhaps because of this, the number of four-sided or quadrilateral statues of Buddha is much larger than that of four-sided Buddhist statues, because doing merit is a universal manifestation of faith, and the four-sided Buddha is probably the object of worship in a more specific doctrine.
【作者单位】：复旦大学文史研究院;
【分类号】：K879.3

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