明清时期皇室宗教文化对官窑瓷器之影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 21:10

本文选题：明清　切入点：皇室宗教文化　出处：《鲁东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：明清两代是中国陶瓷发展史上的重要一章,朝廷在景德镇开办专供皇家御用的御器厂和御窑厂，集中全国技艺最精湛的制瓷匠人，汇聚全国制瓷技艺的精华并投入大量的人力、物力、财力，使景德镇成为全国的制瓷业的中心。明清两代帝王对瓷业生产也表现了前所未有的热情，对官窑瓷器的器型、纹饰、图案、色彩要求甚高，所有的瓷器在生产前必须经过御批审定和御出图样才可进行烧造。正是在朝廷和帝王的关心支持下，明清两代以青花瓷为代表的彩绘瓷器蓬勃发展，颜色釉瓷器的烧造更是日臻完善，且造型丰富多彩，纹饰不拘一格，极富艺术价值，可谓是中国陶瓷史上的巅峰时期。明清时期封建专制统治亦达到了顶点，帝王的意志就是整个国家的意志，加之各个帝王性格各具特色以至于对四大宗教的政策与态度也各有不同，因此官窑瓷器的生产便是以统治者的喜好与信仰为基础进行生产与创造。该文主要以明清两代官窑瓷器在皇室宗教政策和文化影响下的发展与创新为主题，主要分为三部分：首先，对明清时期的皇室宗教文化、宗教政策以及皇帝对宗教的态度进行了论述；其次，，简要论述明清时期官窑瓷器的发展脉络以及各个时期官窑瓷器的风格；最后，对明清时期皇室宗教文化对官窑瓷器的影响进行重点论述，例如明初永宣时期因郑和下西洋途经诸国多为伊斯兰教国家，不仅将明朝精美的瓷器带给了各个国家也带回了有异国特色的瓷器，使中外瓷器技艺有了一次较为深刻的碰撞；明正德时期武宗对伊斯兰教推崇备至，官窑生产的瓷器多以伊斯兰教宗教题材为主；嘉靖皇帝崇尚道教，这一朝官窑生产了大量以道教题材为主的瓷器。清朝历代统治者为了笼络藏蒙地区的上层阶级对藏传佛教礼遇有加，后逐渐信奉该教，这一时期官窑生产了大量以藏传佛教为题材的生活用瓷、观赏用瓷和祭祀用瓷；西方传教士将西方的绘画艺术带到了清宫廷内，皇帝们不仅对这些宗教艺术欣赏、推崇并将其与中国的传统艺术相结合运用到瓷器生产中，创造出了一批有清朝特色的官窑瓷器。综上所述，明清时期的皇室宗教文化促进了官窑瓷器的创新与发展，在传承的基础上生产出了独具特色的瓷器，为后世留下了丰厚的物质文化遗产。
[Abstract]:The Ming and Qing dynasties were an important chapter in the history of the development of Chinese ceramics. In Jingdezhen, the imperial court set up an imperial ware factory and a imperial kiln factory for the royal imperial use. The imperial court concentrated the most skilled porcelain craftsmen in the country, gathered the essence of the national porcelain making skills and put a lot of manpower into it.Material resources, financial resources, so that Jingdezhen to become the center of the national porcelain industry.The emperors of Ming and Qing dynasties also showed unprecedented enthusiasm for porcelain production. They demanded high requirements on the types, patterns, patterns and colors of official kiln porcelain. All porcelain must be approved and produced by imperial examination and approval before production.It was under the care of the court and the emperor that the porcelain painted in the Ming and Qing dynasties, represented by blue and white porcelain, flourished, and the burning of colored glazed porcelain was becoming more and more perfect, and its shape was rich and colorful.It can be described as the peak period in the history of Chinese ceramics.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the feudal autocratic rule also reached its climax. The emperor's will was the will of the whole country. In addition, each monarch had his own characteristics and had different policies and attitudes toward the four major religions.Therefore, the production of official kiln porcelain is based on the rulers' preferences and beliefs.This paper mainly focuses on the development and innovation of official kiln porcelain in Ming and Qing dynasties under the influence of royal religious policy and culture. It is mainly divided into three parts: first, the religious culture of royal family in Ming and Qing dynasties.The religious policy and the emperor's attitude towards religion are discussed. Secondly, the development of official kiln porcelain in Ming and Qing dynasties and the style of official kiln porcelain in various periods are briefly discussed.The influence of royal religious culture on the porcelain of official kilns during the Ming and Qing dynasties was emphatically discussed. For example, during the Yongxuan period in the early Ming Dynasty, most of the countries through which Zheng he traveled to the West were Islamic countries.Not only the fine porcelain of the Ming Dynasty was brought back to various countries, but also the porcelain with foreign characteristics was brought back, which made the Chinese and foreign porcelain craftsmanship have a relatively deep collision. In the Ming Dynasty, Wu Zong admired Islam.The porcelain produced by official kilns was mainly Islamic and religious; the emperor Jiajing advocated Taoism, and in this period, the official kilns produced a large number of porcelain with Taoist themes.In order to win over the upper class of Tibetan and Mongolian areas, the rulers of Qing Dynasty gradually accepted Tibetan Buddhism, and later gradually embraced it. In this period, the official kilns produced a large number of porcelain for daily use, ornamental porcelain and sacrificial porcelain with Tibetan Buddhism as the subject matter.Western missionaries brought Western painting art to the Qing court, and the emperors not only appreciated the religious art, but also combined it with the traditional Chinese art to produce porcelain.Created a number of Qing Dynasty characteristics of the kiln porcelain.To sum up, the royal religious culture in Ming and Qing dynasties promoted the innovation and development of official kiln porcelain, and produced unique porcelain on the basis of inheritance, leaving a rich material and cultural heritage for later generations.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K876.3

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