红山文化中晚期社会分化研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 04:00

本文选题：红山文化 + 社会分工　；参考：《渤海大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：红山文化作为东北新石器时代重要的考古学文化之一,从孕育、发展到鼎盛历时1500余年。红山文化中晚期距今6000—5000年左右,考古调查与发掘遗存主要有遗迹与遗物两类。遗迹主要有聚落居址、积石冢墓葬、祭坛、神庙、窖穴、灰坑等;遗物主要有石质、骨质生产工具、雕塑,陶泥质生活、祭祀用具,玉质配饰、葬器、祭祀用器,铜环、陶范等。从红山文化遗迹与遗物看,其中晚期已出现明显的社会分化。红山文化中晚期的社会分化包括社会复杂化与等级、阶级的出现两层含义。社会分工是社会复杂化与等级、阶级出现的前提与基础。红山文化中晚期的社会分工主要体现在农业、渔猎与手工制造业的分工,手工制造业中不同生产部门的分工以及社会管理系统中权力的分工三个方面。社会分工导致专业化程度提高,专门化生产部门出现,社会组织结构渐趋复杂。这种复杂化程度,在红山文化中晚期,一方面反映在聚落规模、布局、职能的演变上,另一方面反映在作为社群组织精神领袖的巫师的职能与权力的变化上。聚落的层级分化与巫师角色由巫者向王者的转变,说明社会分化与进入文明社会、阶级出现、早期国家的产生之间有着紧密的联系。
[Abstract]:Hongshan culture, as one of the important archaeological cultures of the Neolithic period in Northeast China, lasted more than 1500 years from gestation, development to its peak.Hongshan culture is about 6000-5000 years old. Archaeological investigation and excavating remains are mainly relics and relics.The remains mainly include settlements, tombs, altars, temples, pits, ash pits, etc. The relics mainly include stone, bone production tools, sculpture, clay life, sacrificial utensils, jade accessories, burial utensils, sacrificial objects, bronze rings, etc.Tao Fan et al.From Hongshan cultural relics and relics, there has been obvious social differentiation in the late period.The social differentiation in the late Hongshan culture includes social complexity and hierarchy, and the emergence of class.Social division of labor is the premise and foundation of social complexity and hierarchy.The social division of labor in the middle and late period of Hongshan culture is mainly embodied in three aspects: the division of labor in agriculture, fishing and hunting, the division of labor in different production sectors in the handicraft manufacturing industry and the division of power in the social management system.The social division of labor leads to the increase of specialization, the emergence of specialized production departments and the increasing complexity of social organization structure.In the late period of Hongshan culture, the complexity is reflected in the evolution of settlement scale, layout and function on the one hand, and the changes in the functions and powers of witches as spiritual leaders of community organizations on the other.The hierarchical differentiation of settlements and the transformation of the role of wizards from witches to kings shows that there is a close relationship between social differentiation and entering civilized society, the emergence of classes, and the emergence of early countries.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K878

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