楚地玉器综论

发布时间：2018-04-12 23:02

本文选题：楚 + 玉器　；参考：《华中师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文主要是研究春秋战国时期楚地范围出土的玉器,对春秋战国时期楚地玉器的考古发现、玉器的分类及用途、玉器的特点、玉与楚人的社会生活等问题进行细致探讨。玉器早在史前时期就作为一种沟通神灵的媒介而存在,随着时代的发展,玉器的功能也渐渐增多,并被广泛应用于社会的各个方面。中国最早的玉器是作为装饰品出现的,加之人们对玉的喜爱,玉器的审美性得到关注；原始社会“万物有灵”崇拜的影响,玉器被赋予一定的宗教内涵；“君子比德于玉”观念的盛行,使玉器的道德内涵越来越重要。通过对春秋战国时期楚地玉器的统计可以看出,墓主地位越高,墓葬出土玉器数量就越多；墓主地位越低,随葬玉器就越少。中国自古就有尚玉的传统,楚地受周代“事死如事生”观念的影响,尚玉风气浓厚。同时,通过文献记载,并结合墓葬出土玉器的材质鉴定情况,对玉材的来源进行推断。楚地产玉,新疆的和田玉、南阳的独山玉以及少量的陕西蓝田玉等都是楚地玉器的原材料,同时也兼有绿松石、玛瑙、水晶等。楚人受中原文化的影响,玉的使用也有严格限制。墓葬出土的玉器按用途可分为礼玉、葬玉、装饰玉、实用生活玉器等四个部分,并结合器物的形制、纹饰等进行细致划分,通过文献记载与考古实物的结合,探讨玉器的具体用途。通过与齐国、吴国、秦国等地的玉器比较,探索楚地玉器在形制、纹饰、组合等方面的与众不同,通过文献记载还可以看出这些不同与楚人崇凤尊龙的习俗有一定关联,楚人崇凤,但也不贬龙,从出土玉器中也可以看出楚人的这种信仰。玉器的重要性也在楚国统治者的提倡下日渐呈现,楚俗“信巫鬼,重淫祀”,玉器成为祭祀的一种器具,楚人用来遍祭神灵、祖先、山川、河流等。此外,玉器还是身份等级、财富的象征,同时玉也是道德的象征,文明的载体。玉与楚人的社会生活关系密切,通过玉器可以更清晰的窥探楚人物质生活和精神世界。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly studies the jade unearthed in the area of Chu during the Spring and Autumn and warring States period, and makes a detailed discussion on the archaeological discovery, classification and use, characteristics, social life of jade and Chu people in the period of Spring and Autumn and warring States.Jade wares existed as a medium for communicating gods as early as in prehistoric period. With the development of the times, the functions of Jade articles gradually increased, and they were widely used in all aspects of society.The earliest jade wares in China appeared as ornaments, and the people loved jade, so the aesthetic quality of jade was concerned, the influence of worship of "all things have animism" in primitive society, jade articles were endowed with certain religious connotation.The moral connotation of jade articles is more and more important because of the prevalence of the concept of "superior man than virtue Yu Yu".Through the statistics of Chu jade in the Spring and Autumn and warring States period, it can be seen that the higher the position of tomb owner, the more jade articles unearthed from tombs, and the lower the status of tomb owners, the less jade articles are buried.Since ancient times, China has the tradition of jade, Chu by the Zhou Dynasty "death as life" concept, jade atmosphere is strong.At the same time, the origin of jade material is inferred by literature records and material identification of jade articles unearthed from tombs.Chu real estate jade, Xinjiang Hetian jade, Nanyang Dushan jade and a small amount of Shaanxi Lan Tianyu are raw materials for Chu jade, but also have turquoise, agate, crystal and so on.Chu people were influenced by the Central Plains culture, and the use of jade was also strictly restricted.The jade objects unearthed in the tombs can be divided into four parts according to their use: ritual jade, burial jade, decorative jade, practical life jade, and combined with the shape and decoration of the objects, and through the combination of documentary records and archaeological objects,This paper discusses the concrete use of jade articles.By comparing them with those of Qi, Wu, Qin and other places, this paper explores the differences in shapes, ornaments, combinations and other aspects of jade objects in Chu. Through documentary records, it can also be seen that these differences are related to the custom of venerating the Phoenix and respecting the dragon among Chu people.Chu people worship Feng, but also do not demean the dragon, from unearthed jade can also see this belief of Chu people.The importance of jade articles also appeared gradually under the advocacy of the rulers of Chu. Chu customs "believe in witches and ghosts and pay more attention to prostitution". Jade objects become a kind of instrument for sacrificing gods, ancestors, mountains, rivers and so on.In addition, jade is a symbol of status, wealth, and morality, and a carrier of civilization.Jade is closely related to the social life of Chu people. Through jade articles, we can explore the material life and spiritual world of Chu people more clearly.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K876.8

【引证文献】