农作物传播视角下的欧亚大陆史前东西方文化交流

发布时间：2018-04-14 00:17

本文选题：新石器-青铜时代 + 欧亚大陆　；参考：《中国科学:地球科学》2017年05期

【摘要】：欧亚大陆东西方文化交流的历史是广受关注的科学问题,考古证据显示至少可追溯至青铜时代早期,但具体的时间和路线并不清楚.文化交流过程伴随着农作物的传播与交换,相对于考古遗物,农作物遗存鉴定标准明确且可精确定年,是研究文化交流过程的理想材料.本文总结和对比了欧亚大陆史前遗址的植物大遗存鉴定和直接测年数据,以及人骨碳同位素分析结果,系统梳理了东亚起源的农作物粟黍西传,西亚起源的农作物小麦和大麦东传,及其相互汇聚的时空过程.结合其他考古材料,探讨史前欧亚大陆东西方文化交流的过程.结果显示,约10500a BP起源于西亚地区的小麦和大麦在8000a BP之前传入欧洲和中亚西部,4500~4000a BP传入中亚东部和中国西北地区.粟黍在7700a BP之前驯化于中国北方,4500~4000a BP传入中亚东部,3500a BP后传入西亚和欧洲.约4400a BP在中亚东部的哈萨克斯坦地区出现黍和小麦、大麦同时利用的迹象,可能是东西方文化元素最早汇聚的地区.4500~3500a BP粟黍和麦类作物混合利用的现象主要出现在中亚东部和中国西北地区,其后扩散至欧亚大陆的东西两侧.上述研究暗示跨大陆东西方文化交流可能始于距今5千纪,在青铜时代得到强化,为汉代的丝绸之路的开凿奠定了重要的基础.
[Abstract]:The history of cultural exchanges between the East and the West in Eurasia is a subject of great concern. Archaeological evidence suggests that it dates back at least to the early Bronze Age, but the exact timing and route are unclear.The process of cultural exchange is accompanied by the spread and exchange of crops. Compared with archaeological relics, the identification standard of crop remains is clear and accurate, and it is an ideal material for studying the process of cultural exchange.This paper summarizes and compares the large plant remains and direct dating data of prehistoric sites in Eurasia, as well as the results of carbon isotope analysis of human bone, and systematically combs the westward transmission of millet millet, which originated in East Asia.Wheat and barley originated in West Asia propagate eastward and converge with each other in time and space.Combining with other archaeological materials, this paper discusses the process of cultural exchange between East and West in prehistoric Eurasia.The results show that wheat and barley originated from West Asia were introduced into Europe and west central Asia before 8000a BP and 4000a BP from west central Asia and northwestern China.Millet millet was domesticated before 7700a BP at 4500A BP in northern China, then introduced to the eastern part of Central Asia 3500a BP, then into Western Asia and Europe.About 4400a BP is showing signs of millet and wheat and barley being used simultaneously in Kazakhstan in eastern Central Asia.It is possible that the mixed utilization of millet millet and wheat crops occurred mainly in the eastern part of Central Asia and northwest China, and then spread to the east and west sides of Eurasia.These studies suggest that the cultural exchanges between the East and the West across the continent may have started in the 5000 years ago and were strengthened in the Bronze Age, which laid an important foundation for the construction of the Silk Road in the Han Dynasty.
【作者单位】：兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室兰州大学资源环境学院;中国人民大学历史学院;甘肃省文物考古研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41620104007和41671077) 国家社会科学基金重大项目(编号:12&ZD151) 兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(编号:LZUJBKY-2015-K09)资助
【分类号】：K11;K86

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