传统加固剂与合成加固剂性能对比研究及明胶改性初探

发布时间：2018-04-16 21:24

本文选题：传统加固剂 + 合成加固剂　；参考：《西北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：彩绘类文物是中华民族的文化瑰宝,具有极高的历史、文化以及艺术价值。但是由于年代久远,加之彩绘类文物容易受到自然光、温度、湿度、微生物等外界因素的影响和破坏,便会出现一系列病害,比如颜料层粉化脱落、起甲、空鼓等,因此对于彩绘类文物的保护加固剂的研究仍是文物保护工作者的重心。19世纪70年代,高分子材料被引入国内文物保护领域并在修复过程中代替了一些传统加固材料。到目前为止,在彩绘类文物的修复中,大到壁画揭取,小到起甲彩绘的回贴,使用最多的仍旧是高分子合成材料。虽然这些高分子加固剂有着渗透快、使用便捷等优点,但是随着时间的流逝,对文物造成了一系列无法逆转的破坏;而传统胶结材料(明胶)经过数千年的自然环境考验,颜料层仍能完整保存下来,证明了传统胶结材料耐老化性效果极佳。因此将传统胶结材料作为彩绘类文物的加固剂,不仅可以解决材料与文物的兼容性,还保留文物本身携带的信息,保留了文物的DNA。此外明胶无毒,无污染,价格低廉,依据原材料、原工艺保护修复文物的基本原则,推广明胶这类传统加固剂的使用成为文物保护修复工作者的历史使命。文章分为三个部分,主要的研究内容如下:为了更好的了解传统加固剂的理化性能以及在彩绘类文物中的应用效果,第一部分对传统加固剂与合成加固剂各种性能进行对比研究。实验主要将传统加固剂明胶与合成加固剂B72、AC33、PVB在膜材料以及模拟彩绘样块的性能进行对比。其中膜材料研究包括疏水性分析、紫外可见分光光度计分析、力学强度分析、透气性测试分析以及膜材料老化过程分析;模拟彩绘样块分析包括加固前后颜料块色度变化分析、疏水性能分析、紫外老化过程中色度变化分析。实验结果发现明胶在绝大部分测试中都展现了优势,有着较强的理化性能。然而实验表明明胶在膜材料和模拟彩绘紫外老化分析中易变黄且石绿的颜色较为明显,此外明胶硬度大韧性小、渗透性能差、使用前需加热熔融且极易变为凝胶严重限制了其作为加固剂的推广应用等。第二部分针对以上问题便对明胶进行改性,因此制作微乳液明胶对于明胶水溶液进行改性研究成为本论文的主要任务。由于微乳液具有分散相小、渗透性好、配置便捷、热力学稳定性好,久置不分层等优点,因此利用微乳液技术对明胶进行改性。通过实验发现油包水明胶溶液并不符合文物保护原则,而水包油型微乳液则更适合明胶改性。实验中探讨了水油比、乳化剂种类及浓度、温度、添加方式、搅拌方式等影响因子,并且通过紫外可见分光光度计筛选出当水油比为10:1,采用两种乳化剂进行复配,并且乳化剂复配的比例为:span80: Tween80=1:10、温度为33℃-40℃,高速搅拌和低速剪切相结合、并且添加方式为水相-水相表面活性剂+油相-油相表面活性剂时,制得的微乳液稳定性和透光率更好,所得的溶液微亮、透明均一且泛蓝光,且所成的膜材料更加符合文物保护加固剂原则,也适用于彩绘类文物加固。第三部分进行了明胶与改性明胶性能对比。针对改性明胶的优劣实验采用渗透性能测试、力学性能测试、黏度测试、贮存时间、膜材料老化色度分析以及彩绘老化性能分析等手段对于明胶和明胶微乳液性能进行了对比,实验表明微乳液明胶在渗透性能、力学性能、贮存时间膜材料老化色度分析以及彩绘老化性能分析方面均优于明胶溶液,虽然其黏度略有所下降,但仍可以作为加固剂使用。
[Abstract]:Color relics is the treasure of Chinese culture, has a very high historical, cultural and artistic value. But because of the age, and the color relics are vulnerable to natural light, temperature, humidity, and other factors and effects of microbial destruction, there will be a series of diseases, such as pigment powder shedding, flaking, therefore, for the protection of hollowing, color relics reinforcement agent research is still the focus of cultural relics protection workers.19 century 70s, polymer materials were introduced into the field of cultural relics protection at home and in the repair process instead of the traditional reinforcement materials. So far, in the repair of color relics in large murals to take off, small as a painting of the post, the most used is still the polymer. Although these polymer reinforcing agent has the advantages of convenient and fast penetration, use, but as time went on, the cultural relics Caused a series of irreversible damage; while the traditional cementing material (Ming Jiao) after thousands of years of natural environmental test, pigment layer can still preserved, proved that the aging effect is excellent resistance to traditional cementitious materials. So the traditional cementing material as reinforcing agent and color relics, can not only solve the material and cultural compatibility also, the preservation of heritage itself carries information, retain the cultural relics in addition Ming Jiao DNA. is non-toxic, no pollution, low price, on the basis of raw materials, the basic principles of the restoration of the original process protection, the promotion of Ming Jiao traditional reinforcement agent using a historical mission of cultural relics protection repair workers. The article is divided into three parts, research the main contents are as follows: in order to better understand the physicochemical properties of the traditional strengthening agent and application effect of color relics in the first part, reinforcing agent and reinforcing agent on the traditional synthesis The performance comparison experiment of traditional reinforcing agent of gelatin and synthetic reinforcing agent B72, AC33, PVB were compared in membrane materials and performance simulation specimens. The painting film materials research including hydrophobic analysis, UV spectrophotometer analysis, strength analysis, process analysis and analysis of aging breathable membrane material test; simulation analysis includes the analysis of samples before and after painting the color changes of pigment block reinforcement, hydrophobic performance analysis, analysis of color changes of UV aging. Experimental results show that the vast majority of gelatin in testing of both show the advantages, has a strong physical and chemical properties. However, experiments show that aging analysis and gelatin become yellow green the color is more obvious in the simulation of membrane materials and painted UV, in addition of gelatin hardness toughness, poor permeability, before use and highly variable for the heating and melting seriously limits the gel As to promote the application of reinforcement agent. In the second part, in view of the above problem of gelatin was modified, thus making the microemulsion for gelatin gelatin solution was modified to become the main task of this paper. The microemulsion has small dispersed phase, good permeability, convenient configuration, good thermodynamic stability, petroleu etc. The advantages, so the use of micro emulsion technology of gelatin was modified. Through the experiment of water in oil gelatin solution does not comply with the principles of conservation, and water in oil microemulsion is more suitable for the modified gelatin. Experiments on water oil ratio, emulsifier type and concentration, temperature, addition, stirring effect factor, and through the ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer were selected when the ratio of water to oil was 10:1, with two kinds of compound emulsifier, and the emulsifier ratio: span80: Tween80=1:10, the temperature of 33 DEG -40 DEG C, stirring speed The combination of low shear mixing, and adding water aqueous surfactant + oil phase to oil phase surfactant, prepared by microemulsion stability and light transmittance is better, the solution of the micro light, transparent and uniform and blue light, and the membrane material accords with the protection of cultural relics consolidant principle also, suitable for color relics reinforcement. The third part of the modified gelatin and gelatin. The quality of experimental performance comparison of modified gelatin by permeability test, mechanical properties test, viscosity test, storage time, color analysis and performance analysis method for aging stained gelatin and gelatin micro emulsion properties were compared with aging film materials, experiments show that the mechanical properties of micro emulsion gelatin in permeability, and the storage time of membrane material aging analysis and performance analysis of color painting aging were better than those of gelatin solution, while the viscosity increases slightly It is reduced, but it can still be used as a reinforcing agent.

【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ317;K879.4

【参考文献】