新疆下坂地墓地人骨的C,N稳定同位素分析:3500年前东西方文化交流的启示

发布时间：2018-04-18 10:39

本文选题：下坂地墓地 + C和N稳定同位素　；参考：《科学通报》2016年32期

【摘要】：公元前2千纪下半叶,以蒙古人种、粟作农业(包括粟和黍)、彩陶等为特征的东方人群已到达新疆中部,并与安德罗诺沃文化等西方文明发生碰撞、交流甚至融合.然而,受益于新的考古发现,以粟黍为代表的东方文化要素在公元前3千纪~前2千纪时已传播至哈萨克斯坦、希腊、意大利等地.作为文化传播十字路口的帕米尔高原,其人群何时开始食用粟黍,东西方文化交流是否存在更早的迹象,尚缺乏佐证.为此,本文通过对新疆下坂地墓地青铜时代(公元前1500~前600年)出土的人骨进行C,N稳定同位素分析,发现下坂地墓地先民的食物结构,虽以C_3类的动物蛋白为主,但也不乏少许C_4类,在个别个体中,C_4类甚至占较大比例.结合考古资料,研究结果显示:先民的主要生活方式为畜牧或半游牧业,但麦作及粟作农业也是其不可或缺的一环.下坂地墓地的部分先民可能已开始食用粟类作物,这暗示了东方文化因素在帕米尔高原东端,即新疆西南部出现的时间可早至公元前1500年前后.
[Abstract]:In the second half of 2000 BC, oriental people, characterized by Mongolian race and millet farming (including millet and millet, painted pottery, etc.), had reached the central part of Xinjiang and collided, exchanged and even merged with Western civilizations such as Andernovo culture.However, with the help of new archaeological discoveries, the elements of Oriental culture represented by millet millet have spread to Kazakhstan, Greece, Italy and so on during the period of 3000BC to the first 2000BC.As the crossroads of cultural communication, the Pamirs plateau, when its people began to eat millet millet, whether there are any early signs of East-West cultural exchange, there is no evidence.Therefore, based on the Con N stable isotope analysis of human bones unearthed in the Bronze Age (1500 ~ 600 BC) in the burial ground of Xiazhandi, Xinjiang, it is found that the food structure of the ancestors of the burial ground in the city is mainly composed of three kinds of animal proteins.However, there are also a few CST4 classes, which account for a large proportion in individual individuals.Combined with archaeological data, the results show that the main life style of the ancestors was pastoral or semi-animal husbandry, but wheat and millet farming is also an indispensable part of it.Some of the ancestors of the cemetery may have begun to eat millet crops, implying that eastern cultural factors appeared in the eastern end of the Pamir Plateau, that is, southwest Xinjiang, as early as 1500 BC.
【作者单位】：中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所;中国科学院大学考古与人类学系;吉林大学边疆考古研究中心;新疆文物考古研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41373018) 国家社会科学基金(10CKG001) 国家重点基础研究发展计划(2015CB953803)资助
【分类号】：K878.8

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