丝绸之路上的疑似吐蕃佛塔基址——青海都兰考肖图遗址性质刍议

发布时间：2018-04-20 02:03

本文选题：考肖图遗址 + 吐蕃　；参考：《中山大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年02期

【摘要】：位于青海省都兰县的考肖图遗址,20世纪90年代曾经开展过一些考古发掘工作,揭露了一批重要遗迹现象,出土了一批富有特色的遗物。遗址主体结构为一座高大的土墩,发掘表明,其内部是用土坯和夯土砌筑,平面结构为十字形。土墩周围分布有成排的方形房址,最外围修筑有长方形围墙,大小与古城相当。该遗址至今仍然被多数学者认为是一处吐蕃时期墓葬。但通过对考肖图遗址的选址、主体建筑的形制结构、配套设施的规模与布局、出土器物所显示的使用功能和宗教内涵的分析,可以认为它与吐蕃时期的墓葬特征具有很大区别,很有可能是一座吐蕃时期以佛塔为中心的寺院建筑,而与墓葬无涉。同时,遗址出土物中也蕴含了可能属于吐蕃时期苯教的因素,显示了当时的宗教文化特征。根据出土物年代特征,并结合吐蕃时期佛教输入及发展的历史背景,推断该遗址可能修建于吐蕃在全境大建佛寺的赤松德赞或热巴巾时期,佛塔造型模仿了卫藏地区吐蕃佛塔,间接地接受了东印度或孟加拉地区同时期金刚乘寺院影响,这与吐蕃佛教的输入路线是相互吻合的。
[Abstract]:The Kaoxiaotu site in Dulan County of Qinghai Province has carried out some archaeological excavations in the 1990s exposed a number of important relics phenomena and unearthed a number of unique relics. The main structure of the site is a tall earth mound. The excavation shows that the inner part is built with adobe and rammed earth, and the plane structure is cross-shaped. The mound is surrounded by rows of square houses, with rectangular walls on its outermost side, about the size of the ancient city. The site is still regarded by most scholars as a Tibetan tomb. However, through the analysis of the site selection, the shape structure of the main building, the size and layout of the supporting facilities, the use function and religious connotation of the unearthed objects, it can be concluded that it is quite different from the burial characteristics of the Tubo period. It was probably a pagoda-centered monastery in the Tubo period that had nothing to do with tombs. At the same time, the excavations of the ruins also contain the factors that may belong to the benzene religion of the Tubo period, which shows the religious and cultural characteristics of the time. Based on the age characteristics of the unearthed objects and the historical background of Buddhism input and development during the Tubo period, it is inferred that the site may have been built during the period when Tibetan Buddhist temples were built in the whole territory of Tibet. The pagoda was modeled after the Tibetan pagoda in the Wei-Tibet region. It indirectly accepted the influence of the Vajrayana monastery of the same period in East India or Bangladesh, which coincided with the input route of Tubo Buddhism.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院考古研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“汉唐时期青藏高原丝绸之路的考古学研究”(14BKG015)
【分类号】：K878.6

【相似文献】