无机胶凝材料在不可移动文物保护中的应用

发布时间：2018-04-21 17:42

本文选题：无机胶凝材料 + 不可移动文物　；参考：《浙江大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：我国有为数众多的不可移动文物。这些不可移动文物往往体量巨大,而且大多暴露在野外坏境中。由于自然风化、环境污染和人为因素,加之缺乏有效的保护,这些珍贵的历史遗迹都受到了不同程度的损坏。如不采取有效的保护措施,许多文物古迹将逐渐消亡。不过,现有的材料大多都不能完全满足此类文物的保护需求。所以,研制高性能的文物保护材料已成为文物保护领域的重要任务之一本论文概述了土遗址和石质文物等不可移动文物的病害类型、破坏机理、保护方法、保护材料及传统砌筑灰浆的研究现状和存在问题,并结合当今文物保护材料的发展趋势,以潮湿环境土遗址、古建筑和石质文物的原址加固保护为目标,在课题组前期工作的基础上开展了传统胶凝材料作用机制、新型无机胶凝材料设计制备以及有关应用研究,主要包括以下内容：液态水硬性材料加固保护潮湿环境土遗址的研究。参照石灰和水泥稳定土的机理,设计了一种液态、可渗透型水硬性材料,并将之用于潮湿环境遗址土的稳定和加固。该材料为硅、钙双液体系。其中钙源为氧化钙或氢氧化钙的醇分散体系,硅源为硅酸钾水溶液。考虑到南方潮湿环境遗址土的弱酸性,加固处理时先渗透呈碱性的钙源,再渗透硅源。利用SEM, XRD, EDX,抗压强度测试、耐水浸泡性测试等研究了该水硬性材料的加固保护效果。结果表明,硅源和钙源之间的水硬性反应改变了土的片状结构,生成了丝网状凝胶体,该凝胶体能把松散的土颗粒固结起来。本研究提出了液态水硬性材料的概念,为潮湿环境土遗址的保护提供了一条新的研究思路。传统砌筑灰浆科学原理及其现代应用的探索性研究。考证并评述了中国古代石灰基砌筑灰浆的发展及传统糯米灰浆在中国建筑史上的作用。作为一项重要的技术发明,糯米灰浆技术出现在大致南北朝时期,曾在许多重要建筑物中广为使用。采集了多处古建筑的灰浆样品,并利用FT-IR, XRD, TG-DSC,碘-淀粉试验等方法对样品进行了分析测试。分析测试结果表明,糯米灰浆曾用于明代西安城墙和明代南京城墙的建造。探讨了糯米灰浆技术的内在科学原理。研究表明,糯米支链淀粉对石灰灰浆的硬化过程有调控作用,它通过抑制碳酸化过程中碳酸钙晶粒的生长而使糯米灰浆形成致密的有机-无机复合结构,该结构应该是糯米灰浆良好性能的内在原因。古灰浆中糯米成分长期存在的原因在于石灰的防腐作用。在自然条件下,灰浆的完全碳化是个漫长的过程。石灰的强碱性可以使糯米成分在相当长的时间内免受微生物的侵袭而得以保存。以古建筑修复保护为目的,对糯米灰浆技术进行了科学化研究。优化了糯米灰浆的配方,并对仿制灰浆的物理化学性质进行了测试。结果表明,糯米灰浆比纯石灰灰浆物理化学性质更稳定、强度更大、与古建筑材料如砖的兼容性也更好,适合于古建筑的保护和修复。以糯米灰浆为修复灰浆,参与了国家级文物保护重点单位德清寿昌桥和杭州梵天寺石经幢的修复保护工程。糯米灰浆的研究对于传统技术的科学利用,特别是对于使用原来的材料和工艺修复保护古建筑具有重要意义。风化石质文物的仿生加固研究。仿照骨头的生长原理,将钙源(纳米氢氧化钙的异丙醇分散体系)和磷源(磷酸铵溶液)引入风化的石质文物,经常温矿化后在风化石材内部生成多孔、相互连接的磷灰石加固相。该加固相可以把风化、破碎的石块和作为填料引入的氢氧化钙粘结起来而给出良好的加固效果。磷灰石加固相利用XRD, SEM, EDX进行了表征；加固效果利用抗压强度、STT实验、毛细水吸收、透气性和抗风化实验等进行了测试。结果表明,经仿生加固处理后,风化石灰石的表面强度、整体抗压强度和抗风化能力都有了显著提高。此外,由于磷灰石本身的多孔性,该仿生加固方法基本不改变风化石灰岩文物本身的透气性和毛细水吸收,保持了石质文物固有的“呼吸功能”。本研究将仿生技术引入石质文物的加固保护中,解决了现有无机材料自身及其与风化岩石的结合问题,为石质文物保护材料的开发探索了一条新的途径。总之,本论文结合不可移动文物保护材料的研究现状,以土遗址、古建筑和石质文物的加固保护为目标,分别研究了液态渗透型水硬性材料,传统砌筑灰浆和磷灰石仿生加固材料,在微观机理探讨、实验室材料设计制备和文物保护实践等方面做了一些探索性的工作,取得了一定的进展。
[Abstract]:Our country has a large number of immovable cultural relics. These immovable cultural relics are often large and mostly exposed in the field. Due to natural weathering, environmental pollution and human factors, and the lack of effective protection, these precious historical sites are damaged by different degrees. For example, no effective protection measures are taken. However, most of the existing materials can not fully meet the protection requirements of this kind of cultural relics. Therefore, the development of high performance cultural relics protection materials has become one of the important tasks in the field of cultural relic protection.
This paper summarizes the disease types, failure mechanism, protection methods, protection materials and traditional masonry mortar research status and existing problems of soil sites and stone cultural relics, and combines the development trend of today's cultural relics protection materials, and aims at strengthening and protecting the site of moist environment soil, ancient buildings and stone relics. On the basis of the earlier work of the project group, the mechanism of the traditional cementitious material, the design and application of the new inorganic cementitious material, and the related application, are mainly included.
Study on the reinforcement and protection of moist environment soil sites with liquid water hard materials. Referring to the mechanism of lime and cement stabilized soil, a liquid, permeable and hydraulic material is designed and used to stabilize and reinforce the soil of a wet environment. The material is a silicon, calcium double liquid system. The silicon source is potassium silicate solution. Considering the weak acid of the humid environmental site in the south, the alkaline calcium source is permeated first and then the silicon source is permeated. The reinforcement and protection effect of the hard material is studied by using SEM, XRD, EDX, compressive strength test and water immersion test. The results show that the water hardness between the silicon source and the calcium source is reversed. The flake structure of the soil should be changed and the screen shaped gels are formed. The gel can consolidate the loose soil particles. The concept of liquid water hard material is put forward in this study, which provides a new research idea for the protection of soil sites in wet environment.
The scientific principle of traditional masonry mortar and its modern application are explored. The development of lime base masonry mortar in ancient China and its role in the history of Chinese architecture are reviewed and reviewed. As an important technical invention, the technology of sticky rice mortar appears in the period of the north and South Dynasties, and has been widely used in many important buildings. The samples were collected and analyzed with FT-IR, XRD, TG-DSC, and iodine starch test. The results showed that the sticky rice mortar was used in the construction of Xi'an wall in Ming Dynasty and the Nanjing city wall in Ming Dynasty. The internal scientific principle of the sticky rice pulp technology was discussed. Amylose has a control effect on the hardening process of lime ash. By inhibiting the growth of calcium carbonate grains in carbonation, it makes the sticky rice grout to form a dense organic inorganic composite structure. This structure should be the intrinsic reason for the good performance of the waxy rice mortar. The reason for the long-term existence of the glutinous rice in the old ash is the corrosion of the lime. Under natural conditions, the complete carbonization of the grout is a long process. The strong alkalinity of the lime can save the glutinous rice from the invasion of the microorganism for a long time. With the purpose of the ancient building repair and protection, the technology of the sticky rice mortar is scientifically studied. The formula of the sticky rice mortar is optimized and the mortar is copied. The results show that the physical and chemical properties of the waxy rice mortar are more stable and stronger than the pure lime mortar, and the compatibility with the ancient building materials, such as bricks, is better. It is suitable for the protection and repair of the ancient buildings. The grout is used as the restoration of the grout with the glutinous rice grout, and is involved in the national key unit of the cultural relics protection, Deqing Shou Chang Bridge and Hangzhou. The study of the glutinous rice plaster is of great significance to the scientific use of traditional technology, especially for the use of original materials and techniques to repair and protect the ancient buildings.
The study of biomimetic reinforcement of weathered stone relics. In imitation of the principle of bone growth, the calcium source (nanometer calcium hydroxide of isopropanol dispersion system) and the phosphorus source (ammonium phosphate solution) are introduced into the weathered stone relics, and the porous and interconnected apatite reinforced phases are formed within the weathered stone. The reinforced phase can be weathered and broken. The stones are bonded together with calcium hydroxide introduced as a filler to give good reinforcement effect. The apatite reinforced phase is characterized by XRD, SEM, and EDX. The reinforcement effect is tested by the compression strength, STT experiment, capillary water absorption, air permeability and weathering resistance experiments. The results show that the weathered limestone has been weathered after the bionic reinforcement treatment. The surface strength, the overall compressive strength and the weathering resistance have been greatly improved. In addition, because of the porosity of the apatite itself, the bionic reinforcement method basically does not change the air permeability of the weathered limestone relics and the absorption of capillary water, and maintains the inherent "respiratory function" of the stone relics. This study introduced biomimetic technology into the stone relics. In the reinforcement and protection, the existing inorganic material itself and its combination with weathered rock have been solved, and a new way is explored for the development of the stone material protection materials.
In a word, this paper, based on the research status of immovable cultural relics protection materials, aims at the consolidation and protection of soil sites, ancient buildings and stone relics, and studies the liquid permeable hydraulic materials, traditional masonry mortar and apatite biomimetic reinforcement materials, micro mechanism exploration, laboratory material design and cultural relic protection practice, etc. Some exploratory work has been done and some progress has been made.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K854;TB321

【参考文献】