神人抱鱼铜带钩研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 20:44

本文选题：神人抱鱼 + 铜带钩　；参考：《山西大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 带钩是我国古代扣接束腰革带或别在腰带上以供悬挂囊物、装饰品的钩。它蕴含着丰富的文化内涵和历史信息,成为社会历史和文化研究重要的物质文化遗物。本文在综合前人研究成果的基础上,通过对已出土带钩作出初步的分类,将带钩从原料、造型、工艺等方面划分为不同类型。从原料来分,可以分为：金、银、铜、铁、玉、石、骨、木、其它等几种材质,分析了各类带钩最早的出土时间和地点,并且列举了典型的出土地点；从考古类型学分,可以分为三型八类：水禽形、兽面形、耜形、曲棒形、琵琶形、长牌形、全兽形、异形,其中水禽形、兽面形、耜形为小型带钩,曲棒形、琵琶形、长牌形为长型带钩,全兽形、异形为艺术型带钩,而且对这几类带钩的延续时代和分布范围也作出了相关统计,根据这些分类标准确定了本文所论述的神人抱鱼铜带钩的属性。从工艺上来分：可以分为错、镂、嵌、刻等工艺,由于诸多考古报告中未对此作出全面鉴定,因此本文对此没有进行探讨。通过对出土带钩资料的搜集整理,将带钩的发展阶段分为初始期(春秋中期至战国早期)、兴盛期(战国中期至战国晚期)、推广期(秦汉时期)和衰微期(魏晋时期)四大期,并且总结各时代带钩的特点并分析各型式的流行时代。通过对带钩在墓葬中的出土位置与共出物分析,可知带钩的用途共分为三种：束系革带用钩、佩系物件用钩、装饰用钩。本文研究的神人抱鱼铜带钩目前共发现十件,在这类带钩上,其共同特征表现在造型特点和铭文内容上。通过对文献资料的查阅以及与汉代铜镜铭文的比对研究,可以得出“丙午”并非实际年号,是作为一种虚拟之辞来表达吉祥的套语。这十件带钩中,有五件是考古发掘出土,其中三件出土的墓葬形制、年代确定,因此结合墓葬形制、带钩发展过程中钮部的变化位置、带钩铭文字体、造型内容等方面可以推断出神人抱鱼铜带钩的年代范围为西汉早期到东汉中晚期。神人抱鱼铜带钩的造型纹饰方面的共同特点反映了中国古代装饰艺术的四个重要主题,即龙、神人、神人抱鱼、鸟衔鱼,通过参考大量的文献资料以及与同时代的壁画、画像石、画像砖等类似题材进行比较分析,得出这四个主题主要包含的三方面寓意：镇邪辟兵、祈福求贵及期盼升仙。人们通过这些艺术造型来表达意愿,反映了汉代的阴阳五行、谶纬、神仙信仰等观念。这些观念是汉代的主体思想,是汉代普遍的信仰。在人们的日常生活领域几乎所有的方面,这些主体思想以强大的潜在的力量,影响了人们的行为方式,并且对人们的审美观念也有深刻的导向作用,它直接影响了汉代的造型艺术的面貌。除了思想观念对艺术造型有很大影响外,汉代经济发展则是这种艺术作品出现的最基础的原因。神人抱鱼铜带钩就是在这种思想观念和经济基础的影响下出现的。
[Abstract]:The belt hook is the hook that fastens the waist leather belt or fastens to the belt for hanging bursa, adornment in ancient China. It contains rich cultural connotations and historical information and becomes an important material and cultural relic of social history and cultural research. On the basis of synthesizing the previous research results, the paper classifies the hooks into different types from raw materials, modeling, technology and so on through the preliminary classification of the unearthed belt hooks. It can be divided into gold, silver, copper, iron, jade, stone, bone, wood and other materials. The earliest unearthed time and place with hook are analyzed, and typical unearthed sites are listed. It can be divided into three types of eight types: waterfowl, animal surface, Si, curved bar, pipa, long brand, animal, special-shaped, including waterfowl, animal surface, Si shape, small band hook, curved bar, pipa shape, long card shape, long band hook, The whole animal shape, the abnormal shape is the art type belt hook, and the related statistics are made on the extension time and distribution range of these kinds of hooks. According to these classification standards, the attribute of the god man holding fish and copper belt hook discussed in this paper is determined. It can be divided into error, engraving, engraving and so on, because many archaeological reports have not made a comprehensive appraisal of this, so this article does not discuss this. Through the collection and arrangement of the unearthed hook data, the development stage of the hook is divided into four periods: the initial period (from the middle of Spring and Autumn period to the early period of warring States), the prosperous period (from the mid-warring States to the late warring States), the promotion period (the Qin and Han dynasties) and the declining period (the Wei and Jin dynasties). And summarize the characteristics of each era with hook and analyze the different types of popular era. Through the analysis of the unearthed position and common objects in the tomb, it can be concluded that the use of the hook can be divided into three kinds: the hook for the leather belt of the bundle system, the hook for the object of the tie system, and the hook for the decoration. At present, ten fish and copper belt hooks have been found in this paper. The common features of this kind of hooks are the modeling characteristics and the contents of the inscriptions. By consulting the literature and comparing it with the inscription of bronze mirror in Han Dynasty, we can draw the conclusion that "Fu Fu" is not an actual year number, but a kind of virtual word to express auspicious expressions. Of these ten pieces, five were unearthed from archaeological excavations, three of which were unearthed in the form of tombs, dating. Therefore, in combination with the tomb shape system, the changing position of the button in the development process of the hook, the type of the inscription with the hook, It can be inferred that the age range of the god man holding fish and copper hook is from the early Western Han Dynasty to the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty. The common features of the shapes and ornaments of the god man holding the fish and bronze belt hook reflect the four important themes of the ancient Chinese decorative art, namely, dragon, god man, god man holding fish, bird fish, and by referring to a large number of documents and contemporary murals. Through comparative analysis of similar subjects, such as stone relief and brick painting, the author draws the conclusion that the four themes mainly contain three moral meanings: to dispel evil spirits to open up soldiers, to pray for good fortune, and to look forward to the promotion of fairy. Through these artistic models, people express their wishes, reflecting the Han Dynasty Yin and Yang five elements, prophecies, fairies and other concepts. These ideas are the main ideas of the Han Dynasty and the common beliefs of the Han Dynasty. In almost all aspects of people's daily life, these main ideas, with their powerful potential, have influenced the way people behave, and also have a profound guiding effect on people's aesthetic concepts. It directly affected the appearance of plastic arts in the Han Dynasty. The economic development of Han Dynasty is the most basic reason for the emergence of this kind of art works. The god man holds the fish with the copper belt hook is under this kind of thought idea and the economic foundation influence appears.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K875

【参考文献】