空间视域下的渤海国五京研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 03:03

本文选题：渤海国 + 空间视域　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：渤海国(698—926)是唐代东北地方民族政权,其文明发展程度繁盛,是唐朝在东北亚地区的文化中转站,素有“海东盛国”之称。在二百余年的国祚内,先后建有中京、上京、东京、西京、南京五座中心城市,五京之中的中京、上京及东京都曾作为渤海国的首都(王都),其中上京为都时间最久,西京与南京虽然从未作为国家的政治中心,但它们在渤海国的发展历程中也发挥了特殊的功能。五京是渤海国在中央政权之下控制地方的区域中心,承担了渤海国与东北亚各个国家、部族之间以及本国内部间交通往来的枢纽作用。五京的发展可以说是渤海国历史的缩影,也是研究渤海问题的重要部分。渤海实施五京制是“宪象唐朝”文化、制度的表现形式之一。研究五京,不仅仅是研究个体的“京城”,还包含了以五京整体为中心展开的疆域拓展、交通网络完善、经济发展以及都城迁移等方面的综合讨论。鉴于此,本文以五京的空间选择和都城的迁移为研究视角,共分五个部分对渤海国五京予以探讨:第一部分(绪论)主要阐述了论文的选题缘由、主要研究方法和研究思路,并重点梳理了渤海国五京的研究现状。第二部分(第一章)探讨了渤海国五京制的渊源及其早期都城。本文梳理了中国历史上五京制的产生与发展过程,指出渤海国五京制概念是由唐输入。考证了敦化城山子山城和延吉城子山山城,认为敦化城山子山城存在诸多不符合“东牟山”的特征,将渤海建国之地推定为今延吉市东郊的城子山山城。和龙西古城距离东牟山(城子山山城)较近,城址又具备都城属性,故将其判定为渤海国早期都城,即显州(中京)之所在。第三部分(第二章、第三章)从历史政治地理和经济地理两个角度,探讨渤海实施五京制度的原因及空间位置选择依据。政治地理方面,主要是以渤海疆域的发展为研究脉络,论述渤海国五京设置与疆域拓展的相互作用,诠释五京制的实施有利于加强对各地区的管理,并实现对以五京为核心的渤海国疆域的有效统治;经济地理方面,以渤海国经济地理空间分布及交通格局为基础,分析五京位置选择的依据。第四部分(第四章)以最新考古成果为基础,从历史城市地理的角度,审视五京的城市形态。本部分主要考察了目前可判定城址的上京(东京城)、中京(西古城)、东京(八连城)、南京(青海土城)。通过比较,本文认为五京城址所在地的自然环境与周边配套设施建设基本一致,但因五京之中有主都和陪都之分,功能不同又导致了城址的形制与规模存在差异。第五部分(第五章)重点探讨了渤海国的迁都问题。本部分主要在五京设置与疆域拓展、经济地理关系等问题的研究基础上,提出渤海国的迁都路线是中京(显州)——上京——东京——上京,将驱动渤海都城迁移的结构要素划分为需求性要素、推动性要素和支持性要素三种类型,并就其驱动机制做出阐释。研究表明,基于都城优越的自然地理位置与经济地理环境,在渤海国疆域扩展方向的导向下,通过兼并梲棬诸部,增强管控能力等因素的驱动,经渤海国与周边国家、部族亲疏远近关系的推动,促使渤海国都城的迁来复去。
[Abstract]:The state of Bohai (698 - 926) was a local national regime in the northeast of the Tang Dynasty. Its civilization was flourishing. It was a cultural transfer station in the Northeast Asia. It was known as the "sea Dongsheng". Within more than two hundred years, there were Zhongjing, Shanghai, Tokyo, Xijing, Nanjing, five central cities, Zhongjing, Shanghai and Tokyo in Beijing. For the capital of the state of Bohai (Wang Dou), with the longest time in Beijing, Xijing and Nanjing, although never as the political center of the state, have also played special functions in the course of the development of Bohai. It is the regional center of Bohai under the central regime, and the tribes of Bohai and Northeast Asia, and the tribes. The development of Bohai's development can be said to be the epitome of the history of the country and an important part of the study of the Bohai problem. The implementation of the five Beijing system in Bohai is one of the forms of "constitutional Tang Dynasty" and one of the forms of the system. In view of this, a total of five parts are discussed in five parts: the first part (Introduction) mainly expounds the reasons for the topic of the thesis. Research methods and research ideas, and focus on the research status of Bohai state five Jing. The second part (Chapter 1) discusses the origin and early capital of the five Beijing system in Bohai. This article combs the production and development process of the five Beijing system in the history of China, and points out that the five Beijing system of Bohai is the input of the Tang Dynasty. It has examined the mountain and son mountain city of Dunhua city and the city of Dunhua. Yanji City Zi Shan mountain city, thought that the Dunhua City mountain and Zi mountain city exists many non conforms to the "East Mou mountain" characteristic, presumed the Bohai founding place as the city of the east suburb of the present Yanji City, and the ancient city of the Longxi city is closer to the eastern Mou mountain (the city of the city of the city of the city), and the city site has the capital property, so it is judged to be the early capital of the Bohai state, that is, the state of the state (middle state). The third part (the second chapter, the third chapter) discusses the reasons for the implementation of the five Beijing system in Bohai from two angles of historical and political geography and economic geography. The political geography is mainly based on the development of the territory of Bohai as the research vein, and discusses the interaction between the five Jing setting and the territory expansion of the Bohai State, and interprets five The implementation of the Beijing system is conducive to strengthening the management of various regions and realizing the effective rule of the territory of Bohai with the core of the five capital. On the basis of economic geography, the fourth part (fourth chapter), based on the latest archaeological achievements, is based on the latest archaeological achievements. At the angle of geography, we examine the city shape of the five capital city. This part mainly inspects the Shanghai City (Tokyo city), Zhongjing (West City), Tokyo (eight Liancheng), Nanjing (Qinghai city). By comparison, this article thinks that the natural environment of the location of the site of the five Beijing city is basically consistent with the construction of the surrounding facilities. In the fifth part (fifth chapter), the fifth part (fifth chapter) focuses on the issue of the relocation of the country. This part is mainly on the basis of the research on the development of the five Jing setting and the territory expansion, the economic geography relation and so on. It is proposed that the route of the relocation of the Bohai state is Zhongjing (Xian state) - Shanghai Beijing - East Beijing - Shanghai Beijing, the structural elements that drive the migration of Bohai capital are divided into demand elements, three types of driving factors and supporting elements, and their driving mechanism is explained. The study shows that the natural geographical location and economic geography of the capital are based on the direction of the expansion of the territory of the Bohai Sea state. Various departments, such as enhancing the ability to control and control, drive the capital of Bohai to move back and forth through the promotion of close relations between Bohai and neighboring countries and tribes.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K878.3;K242

【参考文献】