浅析中国元代之前的天井墓

发布时间：2018-05-16 11:30

本文选题：天井墓 + 羌族　；参考：《暨南大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：许多隋唐时期的贵族墓葬中出现了数量不等的天井结构,这种在墓葬中修建天井结构的建筑方法源自何时何地,其发展过程具体如何,一直没有形成统一的说法。本文通过对带有天井结构墓葬资料的收集、分析,发现隋唐时期大型贵族天井墓中的天井结构应源于内蒙古中南部新石器时代晚期小河沿文化墓葬中的竖穴偏洞室墓。这种不规则竖穴偏洞室墓葬中的竖井文化因素通过早期各族群之间的密切交流及融合,伴随着中国北方人类文化的发展轨迹逐步发展,最终演变为隋唐时期常见于贵族墓葬中的多天井墓。早期出现在小河沿文化中的竖井土洞墓文化因素,沿着阴山南麓向西移动,影响到了内蒙古南部鄂尔多斯高原的庙子沟文化,之后继续向西南的宁夏、甘肃、青海地区扩展,在宁夏菜园遗址、马家窑半山类型、马厂类型和齐家文化的多处遗址内发现了更多的竖井土洞墓。进入中原地区青铜时代时,在陕西地区形成了早期的羌族文化,竖井类墓葬也进入快速扩张阶段。随着西北地区史前民族融合的不断加剧,先周文化和羌人文化不断相互影响、相互吸收,竖穴土洞墓这种墓葬形制俨然成为先周少数族群的主流墓葬形制。之后不同民族、不同文化之间频繁的交流与融合,使带有天井结构的墓葬在中国北方地区影响越来越大,以至于发展为战国晚期带一个斜坡墓道、一个竖井的洞室墓类型,这种墓道加单竖井的洞室墓又经北朝时期的民族大融合,形成了一个长斜坡墓道、多个竖井的墓葬类型。不同时期内各类型天井墓中的天井结构所反映的礼制性功能和实用性功能是各异的,因此我们能够从天井这一特殊墓内结构着手,间接地反映我国古代社会民族融合、文化交流和社会变迁等诸多问题。
[Abstract]:Many aristocratic tombs in the Sui and Tang dynasties appeared in a number of different patio structures, this construction method in tombs originated when and where, its development process specific, has not formed a unified view. Based on the collection and analysis of the tomb materials with patio structure, it is found that the courtyard structure in the large-scale aristocratic patio tombs in the Sui and Tang dynasties should be originated from the vertical cavernous tombs in the late Neolithic cultural tombs of the late Neolithic period in Inner Mongolia. Through the close communication and integration among different ethnic groups in the early period, the vertical shaft culture in the irregular vertical caverns and tombs gradually developed along with the development of human culture in the north of China. In the Sui and Tang dynasties, it became the multi-patio tombs commonly found in aristocratic tombs. The early cultural factors of the Shaft soil Cave, which appeared along the Xiaohe culture, moved westward along the southern foot of the Yinshan Mountains, affecting the Miaozigou culture in the Ordos Plateau in the south of Inner Mongolia, and then continued to expand to the areas of Ningxia, Gansu, and Qinghai in the southwest. In many sites of Ningxia Caiyuan site, Majiayao half-mountain type, machang type and Qijia culture, more tombs have been found in shafts. When entering the bronze age in the Central Plains, the early Qiang culture was formed in Shaanxi, and the shaft tombs also entered the stage of rapid expansion. With the increasing integration of prehistoric nationalities in Northwest China, the pre- Zhou culture and the Qiang culture constantly influenced each other and absorbed each other. The tombs like the tombs of the minority ethnic groups in the pre- Zhou period had become the mainstream tombs of the minority ethnic groups in the pre-Zhou period. The frequent communication and integration between different nationalities and cultures made the tomb with patio structure more and more influential in the northern part of China, so that it developed into the late warring States period with a sloping tomb path and a shaft cavern tomb type. This kind of cavernous tomb with single shaft has formed a long slope graveway and multiple shaft tombs by the great fusion of the nationalities in the Northern Dynasty. In different periods, the structure of patio in various types of patio graves reflects different functions of etiquette and practicability, so we can proceed from the structure of patio, which is a special tomb, and indirectly reflect the integration of ancient societies and nationalities in our country. Cultural exchange and social change and many other issues.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K878.8

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