大慧寺彩塑造像定名研究——兼谈“标准器比较法”

发布时间：2018-05-16 17:24

本文选题：大慧寺彩塑 + 标准器比较法　；参考：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2014年02期

【摘要】：北京西直门外大慧寺大悲殿内现存一堂佛教造像:殿内中心位置的主尊是千手观音菩萨立像,其旁有童子和龙女像,其前有两尊对称的协侍菩萨立像;殿内北壁及东、西两壁下共有彩塑造像28尊。为了研究这批造像组合的性质及其所表现的思想文化内涵,就需要先确认它们各自的准确名号。经查,这批造像中有多尊造像存在着同一尊造像的名号与以往公开的材料中并不一致的问题,而且鲜有专门的定名研究成果进行说明,现有的研究中也存在一定的不足。因此,本文希望通过进行文物鉴定工作来确认各尊造像的身份。文物鉴定包括鉴别真伪、确定时代、确定名称等。在文物鉴定中会广泛的使用"标准器比较法",但在使用这一方法的时候需要注意使用条件,即作为"标准器"的参照物与研究对象之间的诸多因素。本文以北京大慧寺的28尊彩塑为例,在探讨文物定名的同时一并浅谈使用"标准器比较法"时需注意的一些问题。通过研究,本文认为大慧寺28尊彩塑是二十诸天像与天龙八部像的组合。
[Abstract]:There is a Buddhist statue in the Temple of Dahhui Temple, outside the Xizhimen Gate in Beijing: the main statue in the center of the temple is the statue of the Thousand hand Guanyin Bodhisattva, beside which is the statue of the child and the dragon, with two symmetrical statues of the Bodhisattva in front of it; the north wall of the temple and the east side of the temple. Under the west two walls a total of 28 color statues. In order to study the nature of these statues and their ideological and cultural connotations, it is necessary to confirm their exact names. It is found that the names of the same statues are not consistent with the previous published materials, and there are few special research results to explain them, and there are some deficiencies in the existing researches. Therefore, this paper hopes to confirm the identity of each statue through the work of cultural relic identification. Cultural relic appraisal includes identification of authenticity, determination of time, determination of name, etc. "Standard instrument comparison method" will be widely used in cultural relic appraisal, but when using this method, attention should be paid to the conditions of use, that is, many factors between the reference material of "standard device" and the object of study. Taking 28 colored sculptures at Dahui Temple in Beijing as an example, this paper discusses some problems that should be paid attention to in the use of "Standard instrument comparison method" while discussing the naming of cultural relics. According to the research, the 28 colored statues of Dahui Temple are the combination of 20 celestial statues and The Demi-Gods & Semi-Devils.
【作者单位】：首都博物馆;
【分类号】：K879.3

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