失德而后礼——清华简《系年》“蔡哀侯取妻于陈”章考论

发布时间：2018-05-17 03:44

本文选题：弗宾 + 姨　；参考：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2017年04期

【摘要】：春秋初年,周室衰微,楚国崛起。处于其间的"汉阳诸姬",只有依靠自己的联合以抵御楚国,而其联系纽带则为周礼。据《左传》、《史记》与清华简《系年》的记载,楚国兴起的关键性事件,是由息妫引出的楚、蔡、息三国之争。对于此事解读,今本《左传》所载之"君子曰"单方面的责蔡侯以恶,乃纯粹道德批判。事实上,息妫故事之本末,涉及诸多礼制问题。其基本点在于由息妫引发的婚制纠纷。在此视野中,清华简《系年》"妻之"一语与《左传》"弗宾"的记载,乃不同思想脉络中对同一事件的相异性描述。蔡侯本意,是依据周礼媵婚制,将"息妫"看作蔡妫媵娣,对此《系年》与《左传》皆不认同而处理方式相异。《左传》是拘于礼的观念,例蔡侯以"弗宾",此其所以为近经;《系年》则是仍然实录蔡侯行为,"妻之",此其所以为近史。而蔡侯的循礼而行,致使息侯无法以"非礼"的口实伐蔡。至此,位列汉阳诸姬的息国,最终自乱同姓之谊,将目光转向礼乐之外,主动引入楚王干预。据此而论,周礼崩坏的一个重要环节在于礼乐的制度形式仍然存在,却失去了贵族精神内在德性的支撑。处于华夏文明外围的楚国也正是在这一背景下逐步强大,开始蚕食中原诸侯。
[Abstract]:In the early years of Spring and Autumn, the Zhou Dynasty declined and the State of Chu rose. Hanyang Zhuji, who is in the middle, only relies on his own union to resist the Chu state, and its link is Zhou Li. According to "Zuo Zhuan", "Records of the History" and "the year of Qing Hua", the key event of the rise of Chu is the struggle among Chu, Cai and Xi. As to the interpretation of this matter, the unilateral accusation of evil by Cai Hou, contained in Zuo Zhuan, is pure moral criticism. In fact, the nature of the story of interest, involving a number of etiquette issues. The basic point lies in the marriage disputes caused by interest. In this field of vision, the words "wife's wife" and "Zuo Zhuan" are different descriptions of the same event in different ideological context. According to Zhou Li's concubine system, Cai Hou Ben's intention was to regard "Xi Gui Gui Di" as Cai Gui-hui Di, and to deal with it differently than "Zuo Zhuan". The idea of "Zuo Zhuan] is a formal concept." Cai Hou uses "Fubin", which is regarded as the near Sutra; "Department year" is still record the behavior of Cai Hou, "wife", this is a recent history. Cai Hou's courteous behavior, resulting in the interest Hou can not be "indecent assault" of the name of Cai. At this point, ranked Hanyang Zhuji Xiguo, eventually disorderly friends, turned their eyes outside the ceremony and music, actively introduced the intervention of the King of Chu. Therefore, an important link of Zhou Li's collapse is that the system of etiquette and music still exists, but it loses the support of noble spirit's inner virtue. Chu, which is located in the periphery of Chinese civilization, began to encroach on the rulers of the Central Plains.
【作者单位】：复旦大学哲学学院;
【分类号】：K877.5

【参考文献】