论克孜尔石窟本生故事壁画的艺术风格

发布时间：2018-05-17 07:03

本文选题：克孜尔石窟 + 本生故事壁画　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 古龟兹国处于西域丝绸古道,在佛学东渐中起到了桥梁的作用。龟兹国佛教兴盛,开凿了一大批石窟寺,克孜尔石窟就是其中的代表。克孜尔石窟规模宏大,保存相对完整。现存已编号的洞窟有236个,佛像雕塑大都破损,但部分洞窟保存了大量内容丰富的壁画。在这些精美的壁画中,最令人们惊叹的是本生故事壁画。这些形象生动、内容丰富、技法高超的壁画不仅仅为石窟艺术的研究提供了宝贵的资料,而且让我们看到了西域美术与佛教艺术完美结合所产生的独特艺术成果。克孜尔本生故事壁画具有独特的异域特色。从线条技法上看,有“曲铁盘丝”式的线描,也有结合了雕塑艺术的“阴刻线”。画面的染色方法,既有来自中原的“平涂填色晕染”也有深受印度壁画影响的“凹凸染法”,多种画法融汇贯通,使壁画形象更加生动、灵活。壁画中的色调古朴厚重,在经过几千年岁月的沧桑蹉跎,画面呈现出了丰富多样的色彩效果。菱形单幅形式的构图是克孜尔本生故事壁画的主要表现方式之一,具有鲜明的地域特色,这种新颖的构图形式在佛教壁画艺术领域独树一帜。壁画中的人物造型在本土文化的基础上,还受到了犍陀罗文化、马图拉文化以及阿旖陀石窟壁画和波斯文化等外来因素的深远影响。这种多元素文化的交流融合,是形成克孜尔本生故事壁画独特艺术风格的重要条件。克孜尔石窟本生故事壁画继承了佛教美术的发展,将西方造型因素与东方装饰表现性因素相结合,并与当地审美观念融汇贯通,形成了新的艺术风格。它既是对佛祖慈悲的颂扬；也是对人情世俗的传神摹写。尽管它们的本意只是宣扬佛教思想,但其所具有的艺术形式令人震撼。这些精美的壁画对龟兹石窟艺术和西域美术史的研究具有十分重要的意义。本文以克孜尔石窟本生故事壁画的艺术风格入手,从壁画的构图演变、线条色彩、人物造型、内容题材、年代划分、时代背景以及艺术成就等各方面进行研究和探讨,对克孜尔本生故事壁画的艺术风格进行一次完整的解析。这种抛砖引玉的做法,希望能给国画人物的创作,带来一些新鲜的灵感。
[Abstract]:The ancient Qiuci country is located in the western region silk ancient road, has played the bridge function in the Buddhist science eastward. Qiuzi Buddhism flourished, excavated a large number of grotto temple, Kizil Grottoes is one of the representatives. Kizil Grottoes are large scale and relatively intact. There are 236 existing numbered caves, most of which are damaged, but some of them contain abundant murals. In these exquisite murals, the most amazing is the murals of this life story. These vivid, rich and skillful murals not only provide valuable information for the study of grotto art, but also show us the unique artistic achievements produced by the perfect combination of western art and Buddhist art. Kizil Benson story murals have unique exotic features. From the line technique, there is a "qu tie plate wire" type of line drawing, but also a combination of sculpture art "Yin line." The dyeing method of the picture is not only from the Central Plains, but also from the "concavity and convex dyeing method", which is deeply influenced by Indian murals. Various painting methods are integrated to make the fresco image more vivid and flexible. After thousands of years of vicissitudes, the murals show rich and diverse color effects. The composition of diamond form is one of the main expression ways of Kizil's Benson story mural, which has distinct regional characteristics. This novel form of composition is unique in the field of Buddhist mural art. On the basis of the native culture, the characters in the murals are also influenced by such foreign factors as Gandhara culture, Mathura culture, and Ito grottoes murals and Persian culture. This multi-element cultural exchange is an important condition to form the unique artistic style of Kizil Benson story murals. The murals of Kizil Grottoes have inherited the development of Buddhist art, combining the western modeling factors with the Oriental decorative expressiveness factors, and blending with the local aesthetic concepts to form a new artistic style. It is not only a tribute to Buddha's compassion, but also a profane impersonation of human feelings. Although they were intended to propagate Buddhist ideas, their artistic form was shocking. These fine murals are of great significance to the study of Qiuci grottoes art and the history of Western regions art. This article starts with the artistic style of the murals of Kizil Grottoes, and studies and discusses the composition and evolution of the murals, the color of lines, the modelling of characters, the subject matter, the age division, the background of the times and the artistic achievements, etc. A complete analysis of the artistic style of Kizil Bunsen story murals. This practice, hoping to bring some fresh inspiration to the creation of Chinese painting characters.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K879.4

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