新疆青铜至早期铁器时代的耳饰研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 09:55

本文选题：新疆 + 青铜时代　；参考：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：新疆历来是文化交流的重要通道和多元文化汇集的舞台。考古资料显示,从很早起,东西方就存在着文化互动。本文选择新疆地区近几十年考古发掘所见青铜时代至早期铁器时代的耳饰作为研究对象,试对其进行考古学研究。全文共分为六章。第一章为绪论,一方面介绍了新疆的自然地理条件以及以往考古工作；另一方面对学术史进行回顾,较全面的总结了新疆青铜时代至早期铁器时代划分与考古学文化的研究状况,以及耳饰的发现史和研究史。第二章笔者将新疆分为7个小区,分别介绍耳饰的发现情况及其年代,并根据年代分为三期,即第一期为公元前19至公元前13世纪,第二期为公元前13至公元前5世纪,第三期为公元前5至公元前1世纪。第三章为耳饰类型简述。就发掘所见可统计的122件耳饰分为铜质、金质、银质和铁质四种进行类型分析,将其大体可以分为单环型、双环型及耳坠型三型,并结合分区与分期情况认为：第一期皆为单环形,发现较少；第二期耳饰样式丰富,三型耳饰皆已出现；第三期单环型基本不见,耳坠型耳饰以附加复合坠饰为多,样式趋于复杂。就材质而言,第一期以铜质为主,第二期开始金质比例开始增加,至第三期金质已经超越铜质,而黄金也成为了制作耳饰最主要的材质。同时也就型式与地域的关系略作了说明。第四章考察了耳饰的佩戴习惯及其与随葬品的组合关系。笔者认为,就整体来看,耳饰多由女性佩戴,或单耳或双耳,双耳佩戴者通长为年龄较大的中老年女性；男性佩戴耳饰者多是随葬品较丰的富有者,普遍的情况是由左耳佩戴单只,那些随葬品特别丰富的男性墓主则会双耳各饰1只或左耳1只、右耳2只；而察吾乎文化虽墓葬流行多人二次葬,情况不明,但可以肯定的是,此文化流行单耳佩戴,且多人葬的家族葬中,通常只有一人佩戴。第五章为新疆青铜至早期铁器时代耳饰所见的早期文化交流,其主要体现在来自安德罗诺沃文化的喇叭口形耳饰东传至塔什库尔干地区、河西走廊地区及中国北方地区,以及来自四坝文化的扁桃环形耳饰西传至新疆东部地区,并且从耳饰的发现可以证明在整个欧亚草原诸青铜文化已存在着千丝万缕的联系,而新疆地区正是文化交流的中继站。第六章为结语。耳饰虽为装饰品中很小的一个种类,却承载着很多历史文化信息,值得重视。本文以新疆青铜时代至早期铁器时代的耳饰为题,兼论东西方文化交流,抛砖引玉,不足之处还望方家指正。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang has always been an important channel for cultural exchange and a multi-cultural gathering stage. Archaeological materials show that from early on, there has been cultural interaction between East and West. In this paper, the earrings from the Bronze Age to the early Iron Age, which were found in the archaeological excavations in Xinjiang in recent decades, were selected as the research objects. The full text is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. On the one hand, it introduces the natural geographical conditions and archaeological work in Xinjiang; on the other hand, it reviews the academic history. The research status of the classification and archaeological culture from the Bronze Age to the early Iron Age in Xinjiang, as well as the discovery and research history of earrings are summarized. In the second chapter, the author divides Xinjiang into seven small areas, and introduces the discovery and age of earrings, and divides them into three periods according to the age, namely, the first period is the 19th century BC to the 13th century BC, the second period is the 13th century BC to the fifth century BC. The third period was from the fifth century BC to the first century BC. The third chapter is a brief description of the types of earrings. The 122 earrings that can be found are classified into four types: copper, gold, silver and iron. They can be classified into three types: single ring type, double ring type and ear pendant type. Combined with the zoning and staging situation, it is considered that the first stage is single ring, less found; the second stage is rich in style, three types of ear ornaments have appeared; the third phase of single ring type is basically invisible, the earring type of earrings are mostly added compound pendant ornaments. The style tends to be complex. In terms of material quality, the first phase is mainly copper, the second phase begins to increase the proportion of gold quality, the third phase of gold has surpassed copper, and gold has become the most important material for making earrings. At the same time, the relationship between the type and the region is also explained. The fourth chapter examines the wearing habits of earrings and their relationship with burial objects. The author believes that, on the whole, earrings are worn mostly by women, or by one or both ears, and the wearer of both ears is older and older women, while the men who wear ear ornaments are mostly wealthy with more funerary objects. Generally speaking, a single left ear is worn by the left ear, and the male grave owners, who are particularly rich in funeral articles, will wear one ear each or one ear on the left and two ears on the right ear. However, although the cultural tombs are popular in many people for two times, the situation is unknown, but what is certain is that, This culture is popular for single-ear burials, and usually only one person wears them in multiple family burials. The fifth chapter is the early cultural exchange seen in the earrings of the Bronze to early Iron Age in Xinjiang, which is mainly reflected in the transmission of bell-shaped earrings from the Andernovo culture to the Tashkurgan region, the Hexi Corridor region and the northern part of China. And the almond ring earrings from Siba culture spread westward to the eastern region of Xinjiang, and the discovery of earrings can prove that the bronze culture of the whole Eurasian steppe has been inextricably linked, and Xinjiang region is the relay station of cultural exchange. The sixth chapter is the conclusion. Although ear ornaments are a small type of ornaments, they carry a lot of historical and cultural information and are worthy of attention. This paper focuses on the earrings from the Bronze Age to the early Iron Age in Xinjiang, and discusses the cultural exchanges between the East and the West.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K875.2

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