黄土高原地区先秦窑洞式建筑研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 20:12

本文选题：窑洞式建筑 + 黄土高原　；参考：《西北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：窑洞式建筑是一类利用黄土直立性特点,在黄土中横向掏挖取得居住空间的房屋建筑。其穹隆顶或人工顶的建筑结构有别于近现代习见的筒拱形顶窑洞,两者当不属于同一建筑系统。此类建筑出现于仰韶晚期的黄土高原,在龙山时期开始大量流行于该地区,至商周时期逐渐衰落。本文以窑洞式建筑的关键性结构特征作为分类标准,构建出其时空发展框架,试图从技术、社会以及意识形态三个层面阐释其背后所蕴含的意义。在技术层面上,首先从基本的结构特征出发,对其时空演进框架进行构建。其次讨论各建筑类型所代表的技术特征出现的动因,并在时空框架的基础上,规避单一的线性进化论等预设模式,发现窑洞式建筑各类型的多元共存关系相较线性进化关系更为明显。这种共存关系的根本原因,就在于人类对于不同地理环境的适应和选择机制。在社会层面上,基于“居住革命”学说,首先将先秦窑洞式建筑纳入环境变迁的大背景下,探讨其出现、繁荣和衰落背后的机理。研究表明,这一过程其实就是人类对于环境变迁的不断适应和选择机制,人类社会就是在这样的适应和选择过程中不断进步的。其次,通过对窑洞式建筑聚落形态的考察,发现仰韶晚期的居住方式变革导致黄土高原地区聚落形态呈现出频繁的跳跃式分化和发展,这很可能是该地区社会复杂化的重要进程之一。在意识形态层面上,先秦窑洞式建筑的凸字形结构在发展到一定程度后,被赋予了强烈的象征意义,反映了当地先民的意识和观念,或为该地区的一种文化认同标识。
[Abstract]:Cave building is a kind of house building which takes advantage of the vertical character of loess to dig out and get living space in the loess laterally. The structure of the dome or artificial roof is different from that of the barrel arch cave, which is not the same architectural system. Such buildings appeared in the late Yangshao Loess Plateau, began to be popular in the Longshan period, and gradually declined in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. This paper takes the key structural characteristics of cave architecture as the classification standard, constructs its space-time development frame, and tries to explain the meaning behind it from three aspects: technology, society and ideology. At the technical level, the framework of temporal and spatial evolution is constructed based on the basic structural characteristics. Secondly, it discusses the causes of the emergence of the technical characteristics represented by each architectural type, and on the basis of the space-time framework, avoids the single linear evolution theory and other presupposition models. It is found that the multivariate coexistence relationship of cave building is more obvious than the linear evolutionary relationship. The root cause of this coexistence is the mechanism of adaptation and selection of human beings to different geographical environments. On the social level, based on the theory of "residence revolution", this paper first discusses the mechanism behind the emergence, prosperity and decline of cave building in pre-Qin period under the background of environmental change. The research shows that this process is actually the mechanism of adaptation and selection of human beings to environmental changes, and human society is making progress in the process of adaptation and selection. Secondly, through the investigation of cave building settlement form, it is found that the change of residence style in late Yangshao resulted in frequent leaping differentiation and development of settlement form in the Loess Plateau. This is likely to be one of the important processes of social complication in the region. On the ideological level, the convex glyph structure of pre-Qin cave architecture was endowed with strong symbolic meaning, reflecting the consciousness and concept of the local ancestors, or a cultural identity of the region after the development to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K879.1

【参考文献】