红山文化与商族起源研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 19:01

本文选题：红山文化 + 二里头文化　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 河南殷墟的发现揭开了商朝历史的面纱,商人以前的活动便成了人们关注的焦点,但由于史料记载模糊,后世地名的变化,这一问题引发的争议很大。这些争议形成了关于商族起源的不同学说,如:东方说、西方说、晋南说和北方说等。但随着近年来考古发现规模的扩大,出现了许多新材料,为研究商族起源提供了新线索。通过考古发现可以得知目前兴隆洼文化、红山文化、小河沿文化、夏家店下层文化是已经被证实了的一脉相承的具有自身特色的北方文化体系。但由于地处北方,远离传统意义上的文化中心,以至于对于这一地区的考古没有得到足够的重视,如红山文化玉器最早发现时,一直被认为是商代玉器,因为从外形上看,它与商玉相似,随着考古发现的增多,经过进一步的研究才确定了红山文化玉器的本来属性。通过对红山玉器与商代玉器从玉料选择、制作工艺和造型这三方面进行比对,可以发现二者存在许多相似之处,并且有着文化传承的特点。从红山玉器出发由此揭开了研究商文化的北方步伐。夏家店下层文化在年代上与夏、商之际的中原地区文化大致相当,开始进入青铜时代。从该文化的考古遗存来看,已具有早期国家形态。同时夏家店下层文化与红山文化属于一脉相承的北方考古体系。所以从考古遗存的遗址形态、房址、陶器和卜骨四个方面出发同中原文化中时代与其相近的二里头文化和二里冈下层文化进行比较,结果发现这三种文化之间有着许多相似的地方,如在遗址的布局上均呈现出“一个中心向四周扩散”的格局;房址由半地穴式到地面建筑发展的过程;在陶器的形制上,三足器在夏家店下层文化出土较多,但这种器形在其之前的红山诸文化中目前并没有发现,但在中原文化中却大量存在;卜骨是商代比较重要的考古发现,它的存在代表着商代人某些生活习惯,而这件具有特殊意义的遗存,在夏家店下层文化的遗址中出现不止一件,而在中原文化早期却没有相关发现。通过对红山诸文化中的红山文化与夏家店下层文化同商文化的一系列比较中可以得出,北方文化体系应为中华文明的源头之一。
[Abstract]:The discovery of Yin ruins in Henan Province opened the veil of Shang Dynasty history, and the activities of merchants in the past became the focus of attention, but due to the vague historical records, the change of place names in later generations. The controversy resulted in different theories about the origin of the Shang nationality, such as the oriental theory, the western theory, the southern Shanxi theory and the northern theory. However, with the expansion of archaeological discoveries in recent years, many new materials have emerged, which provide new clues for the study of the origin of the Shang clan. Through the archaeological discoveries, we can know that the current Xinglongwa culture, Hongshan culture, Xiahebian culture, Xia Jiadian lower level culture has been proved to have their own characteristics of the northern cultural system. But because it is located in the north and is far from the cultural center in the traditional sense, archaeology in this area has not received enough attention. For example, when Hongshan cultural jade was first discovered, it was always regarded as a jade in the Shang Dynasty because of its appearance. It is similar to Shangyu. With the increase of archaeological discoveries, the original attribute of Hongshan cultural jade is determined by further study. By comparing Hongshan Jade and Shang Dynasty Jade from three aspects: selection of jade, making process and modeling, it can be found that there are many similarities between them and they have the characteristics of cultural heritage. Starting from Hongshan Jade, the northern step of studying Shang culture was unearthed. The lower culture of Xia Jiadian was about the same as the culture of Central Plains at the time of Xia and Shang, and began to enter the Bronze Age. From the archaeological remains of this culture, it already has an early national form. At the same time, Xia-Jia-Dian lower-level culture and Hongshan culture belong to the North archaeological system. Therefore, starting from the archaeological remains of the site shape, the site of the house, the pottery and the bones of the central Plains, they are compared with the Erlitou culture and the lower layer culture of Erlitou and Erligang, which were close to the period of the Central Plains culture. It was found that there were many similarities among the three cultures, such as the "one center diffused around" pattern in the layout of the site; the process of building development from the half-ground cave to the ground; and the shape of the pottery. Tripods were unearthed in the lower layer of Xia Jia Dian, but they were not found in the Hongshan culture before them, but they existed in a large number in the Central Plains, and the Bogu was an important archaeological discovery in the Shang Dynasty. Its existence represents certain living habits of Shang Dynasty people, and this special remains, in the ruins of the lower culture of Xia Jiadian, appear more than one. Through a series of comparison between Hongshan culture and Xia Jiadian culture and Shang culture, it can be concluded that the northern culture system should be one of the source of Chinese civilization.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K872

【参考文献】