陕西唐墓壁画中“女侍男装”形象成因考略

发布时间：2018-06-10 06:52

本文选题：唐代 + 墓室壁画　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：唐代是仕女画发展的高峰时期,但到现在我们所能见到的直观展现唐代人物画真实面貌的传世作品很少,多为后人摹本,所参照的底本也多是中晚唐时期的张萱、周f 所作,并且这些作品没有明确的纪年。直到唐代墓室壁画中仕女形象的大量出土,改变了唐代前期仕女画阙如的状况。陕西地区曾经是唐代京兆府雍州辖地,所发掘的壁画墓皆为皇室、贵戚、京畿大臣的墓葬。这些壁画墓,跨越了初唐、盛唐、中唐、晚唐的各个时期,多数墓葬规格、级别较高,都有墓志纪年,并且都分别属于不同级别的官僚贵族,这些墓葬基本可以代表唐代墓室壁画的整体风貌。由于唐人“事死如事生”的思想观念,使得他们希望将生前的生活搬入阴间。因此,唐墓中的壁画一般都反映的是墓主生前的日常生活,墓中的女子多为侍奉墓主的侍女。而在这样一个大背景下,研究唐墓壁画中的侍女形象为我们研究唐代女性的生活以及其社会地位提供了可靠详实的图像资料。唐前期的墓室中大量出现穿着男装的侍女形象,是当时社会审美的直观反映。而这种在中国封建社会被称为“服妖”的着装风格,却是唐前期流行于各个阶层的服饰风尚,这在中国历史上是个奇观。自古以来,女性的形象都与社会的历史背景有着密切的联系,从她们身上可以更直观的看到当时社会的文化和思想。女性地位和形象的变化,能直接反映出社会和时代的变迁。因此,通过研究唐墓壁画中侍女着男装这一特殊的女性形象,有利于我们了解在唐代特定历史条件下,女性的社会地位、审美、喜好以及心理等诸多方面的状况。本文就通过对男装侍女在墓室中所处位置、人物造型特点、服饰特点等方面,结合图片和表格等对该人物形象进行细致的梳理及比较研究,并且从唐代社会经济、思想文化、女性地位和女性性别意识等方面来分析产生女着男装这一特殊现象的原因。
[Abstract]:The Tang Dynasty was the peak period for the development of female paintings, but until now we can see that there are few handed down works that directly show the true face of the figure paintings of the Tang Dynasty, most of which are copied by posterity, and most of the original works are made by Zhang Xuan and Zhou f in the middle and late Tang dynasties. And these works do not have a clear chronology. Until the Tang Dynasty tomb murals a large number of figures unearthed, changed the early Tang Dynasty, the lack of paintings. Shaanxi was once the prefecture of Yongzhou in the Tang Dynasty. The murals excavated were the tombs of royalty, imperial relatives and ministers of Beijing. These mural tombs, spanning every period of the early Tang, the prosperous Tang, the middle Tang and the late Tang, most of the tombs were of high grade, with epitaph chronicles, and they belonged to different levels of bureaucratic nobles. These tombs can basically represent the overall style of the tomb murals of the Tang Dynasty. Because of the thought of "death is life", the Tang people hope to move their life into Hades. Therefore, the murals in the Tang Tombs generally reflect the daily life of the tomb owners, and most of the women in the tombs are the maids who serve the tomb owners. In such a background, the study of the images of maids in the murals of Tang tombs provides us with reliable and detailed image data for the study of the life and social status of women in the Tang Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty, a large number of images of maids dressed in men's clothing appeared in the tombs, which was an intuitive reflection of social aesthetics at that time. However, this style of dress, which is called "serving evil" in the feudal society of China, is a fashion popular in all classes in the early Tang Dynasty, which is a wonder in Chinese history. Since ancient times, the images of women are closely related to the historical background of society, from which we can see more intuitively the culture and thought of the society at that time. The change of women's status and image can directly reflect the changes of society and times. Therefore, it is helpful for us to understand the social status, aesthetic taste, preference and psychology of women in the special historical conditions of Tang Dynasty by studying the special female image of maids in the mural of Tang Dynasty. This paper makes a detailed combing and comparative study on the men's women's position in the tomb room, characters' modeling characteristics, dress characteristics and so on, combining with pictures and tables, and from the Tang Dynasty's social economy, ideology and culture. This paper analyzes the causes of the special phenomenon of women's men's clothing in the aspects of female status and female gender consciousness.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TS941.12;K879.41

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