中国北方出土先秦时期铜矛研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 04:07

本文选题：中国北方 + 先秦时期　；参考：《吉林大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：中国北方出土先秦时期铜矛研究铜矛是青铜时代一个重要兵器类别,它在中国先秦时期的战争中发挥了重要作用,对古代中国的文明进程产生过重要影响,铜矛研究是古兵器史研究不可或缺的一个重要组成部分。本文是在已有研究成果的基础上,广泛搜集中国北方(秦岭—淮河以北)地区出土铜矛材料所做的一项专题研究,研究对象亦包括了分铸联装戟的戟刺(以及部分矛范)。本文同时引用了年代学、历史文献学、古文字学、科技检测分析等相关学科的研究成果。本文除运用考古类型学的方法之外,同时将“情境考古学”的研究理念引入其中,旨在以此探讨铜矛本身所附着的社会意义。全文共分七章。第一章为绪论,第七章为结语。第二至六章分别对二里头文化及稍早阶段、商代早期、商代晚期、西周时期、东周时期的铜矛(戟刺)材料进行系统梳理与相关探讨,其中第二至五章写作体例相似,分类型划分、年代与分期、分区考察、相关问题等几个部分；第六章则首先划分若干文化区,在各区内分别进行相关探讨。下面对本文各章所做工作及主要收获简要叙述如下：第一章：绪论对本文的研究对象、时空范畴、研究方法、分类标准等内容进行界定和相关说明,对研究简史进行简要回顾。第二章：二里头文化及稍早阶段的铜矛对夏代前后铜矛的年代及文化性质进行讨论和辨析,认为中国境内的夹叶阔叶矛应是西北地区齐家文化人群仿制欧亚草原同期文化的产品。第三章：商代早期铜矛基于商代早期与夏代前后铜矛在年代上的差距和形制上的差异,提出商代早期中原地区流行的长柳叶形铜矛应是同期本地空首斧的“銎”+铜戈的“援”创生出来的新器种。第四章：商代晚期铜矛在类型划分基础上,参考考古学文化的分期,将商代晚期铜矛划分为三期即殷墟二三四期,分别对其出土情境进行考察；共分三区；认为商代晚期尚不存在车战用矛。第五章：西周时期铜矛在类型划分基础上,参考考古学文化的分期,将西周时期铜矛划分为两期即西周早中期、西周晚期；共分三区；通过对其出土情境的考察,认为铜矛已是西周时期车战兵器的一种；认为自西周晚期起成为主流的钉孔固秘方式是一项技术革新。第六章：东周时期铜矛(戟刺) 在各文化区内对东周时期铜矛(戟刺)进行梳理,参考考古学文化的分期,将其划分为三期即春秋早中期、春秋晚期至战国早期、战国中晚期；认为春秋早期在秦文化区最早出现的分铸联装戟是一项技术革新；并对各区铜矛类型间可能存在的互动进行简要探讨。第七章：结语对以上各章的研究收获进行总结。总体来看,中国北方先秦时期铜矛(戟刺)在发展上更多的表现为类型的延续与更迭,而非形制上的渐变。这实际代表了因战争方式变化而带来的铜矛在制作技术与形态上的革新。
[Abstract]:A study of copper spears in the pre Qin period in the north of China
Copper spear, an important weapon category in the bronze age, played an important role in the war in the pre Qin period in China and had an important influence on the civilization of ancient China. The study of copper Spears is an indispensable part of the study of the history of ancient weapons. A special study on the unearthed copper spear materials from Qinling Mountains to the north of Huaihe was studied. The object of the study also included the spines (and part of the spear) of the halberd (and part of the spear). This paper also cited the research results of chronology, historical bibliography, ancient Chinese characters, science and technology analysis and other related subjects.
In addition to the method of archaeological typology, this paper introduces the research concept of "situational archaeology" to explore the social significance of the copper spear itself.
The full text is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction and the seventh chapter is the conclusion. The second to the six chapters systematically comb and discuss the copper spear (halberd) materials in the early period of the Shang Dynasty, the late Shang Dynasty, the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, of which the second to five chapters are similar, classified, chronically and staging. The sixth chapter is the first division of a number of cultural areas, in which the respective areas are discussed. The following is a brief account of the work and the main gains made in the chapters of this article.
Chapter one: Introduction
The research object, space-time category, research method, classification standard and so on are defined and related, and a brief review of the research history is given.
The second chapter: Er Li Culture and early stage copper spear.
The age and cultural character of the copper spear before and after the Xia Dynasty are discussed and analyzed. It is considered that the pinch and leaved spear in China should be a product of the same culture of the Eurasian Steppe in the northwestern region.
The third chapter: early Shang Dynasty copper spear
Based on the differences between the early Shang Dynasty and the age of the bronze spears in the early Shang Dynasty and the early Xia Dynasty, the long willow leaf shaped copper spears popular in the Central Plains of the Shang Dynasty should be the new species created by the "aid" of the local empty head axe and the "aid" of the copper Tango in the same period.
The fourth chapter: late Shang Dynasty copper spear
On the basis of type division, referring to the stages of archaeological culture, the late Shang Dynasty copper spears were divided into the three phase, the 234 period of Yin Ruins, and their unearthed situations were examined respectively, and the three regions were divided, and there was no spear in the late Shang Dynasty.
The fifth chapter: the copper spear in the Western Zhou Dynasty
On the basis of type division, referring to the stages of archaeological culture, the copper spears in the Western Zhou Dynasty were divided into two phases, namely, the early and middle period of the West Zhou Dynasty, and the late Western Zhou Dynasty. The bronze spears were divided into three regions. The copper spears were considered as one kind of the war weapons in the Western Zhou Dynasty by the investigation of its unearthed situation. Innovation.
The sixth chapter: the bronze spear of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (halberd)
The bronze spears (spines) in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty were combed in the various cultural areas, and according to the staging of archaeological culture, they were divided into three stages, namely, the early spring and Autumn period, the late spring and Autumn period to the early Warring States period, and the middle and late Warring States period. A brief discussion of the existence of the interaction.
The seventh chapter: conclusion
In general, the development of copper spears in the pre Qin period in northern China is more manifested in the continuation and change of the type, not the gradual change in the form, which actually represents the technological and morphological innovation of the copper spear caused by the change of the mode of war.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K875.8

【引证文献】