神圣与世俗的空间：广西贺州古戏台考察研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 07:05

本文选题：古戏台 + 神圣　；参考：《广西师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：贺州地处桂、湘、粤边境的三角地带,夹于湘粤之间。先秦时期即有古道越萌渚岭而达楚境,为潇贺古道要塞之地,是广西较早接受中原文化和楚文化的地区之一。在其乡镇村落中,遍布着一座座明清时期遗留下来的古戏台,不但数量众多,而且建筑工艺十分精美。本文试图结合美术学、人类学等学科方法,通过对贺州古戏台细致的田野考察,了解贺州古戏台的历史渊源、空间分布、类型与构造,以展现古戏台的具体面貌及与之相对应的民俗活动。文章主要目的则是侧重分析研究贺州古戏台的建筑特色以及文化功能,进而凸显古戏台的文化特质。从其建筑特色和文化功能来看,贺州古戏台是一个酬神娱人的空间,具有神圣与世俗并存的文化特质。文章的第一部分主要结合贺州的民间信仰与历史文化背景,叙述贺州古戏台形成的主要原因。戏台的出现与繁荣带有浓厚的地域色彩,其中,是民众的神灵信仰及祭祀赛会逐渐产生了戏台。而贺州作为潇贺古道的咽喉要塞,经济的发展、汉族移民与湖广商人为戏台的发展提供了强有力的保证。文章的第二部分,在田野实证调查的基础上叙述了贺州古戏台在贺州地区地理空间上的分布,并借鉴类型学的方法为古戏台进行了分类,进而探讨了古戏台的整体建筑构造。贺州古戏台以明清时期建造的为多,主要集中在富川、钟山两地,在类型上可以分为庙宇戏台、祠堂戏台、万年台、会馆戏台等。主体建筑结构可以分为屋脊、藻井、上下场门、扮相房等几个部分。文章的第三部分探讨了贺州古戏台的建筑特色。除了构造外,贺州古戏台的特点就体现在建筑特色上。文中指出,贺州古戏台的建筑特色主要体现在建筑方位以坐南朝北为规则,装饰雕刻中体现出神秘诡奇与直白平实共存的特点。文章的第四部分,在上述研究的基础上,这一部分对贺州古戏台的文化功能进行总结,本文以为,文化功能的普适性是戏台重要的文化特质之一,因此,戏台背负着复杂的文化功能。从修建戏台的目的来看,戏台最基本的功能是敬神献戏,向神灵祈福。随着戏台的普及与发展以及人们对戏台的利用,戏台还呈现出社会教化、娱乐交往、文化传承等多重功能。最后是结论。通过对上述内容的探究,笔者以为,以戏台为中心所构成的空间,是一个宗教和民俗紧密相连的结构,呈现出宗教信仰和世俗生活融为一体的独特文化景观。其中的娱神又娱人的文化功能及神圣与世俗共存的文化特质是贺州古戏台建筑艺术特征形成的根本原因与直接动力。因而,贺州古戏台是一个神圣与世俗相伴的文化空间。
[Abstract]:Hezhou is located in Gui, Hunan, Guangdong border triangle, between Hunan and Guangdong. In the pre-Qin period, there was an ancient road, which reached Chu territory. It was one of the places where Guangxi accepted the culture of the Central Plains and Chu earlier. In its villages and towns, there are many ancient operas left over from the Ming and Qing dynasties, not only in large numbers, but also in exquisite construction techniques. This paper attempts to understand the historical origin, spatial distribution, type and structure of the ancient stage of Hezhou through a careful field investigation of the ancient stage of Hezhou by combining the methods of fine arts, anthropology, and so on. In order to show the specific appearance of the ancient stage and the corresponding folklore activities. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and study the architectural characteristics and cultural functions of the ancient stage in Hezhou, and then to highlight the cultural characteristics of the ancient stage. According to its architectural features and cultural functions, the ancient stage of Hezhou is a space where God amuses people. The first part of the article mainly combines the folk belief and historical and cultural background of Hezhou, narrates the main reasons of the formation of the ancient stage in Hezhou. The appearance and prosperity of the stage has a strong regional color, among which, the people's belief in gods and sacrificial events gradually produced the stage. And Hezhou, as the throat fortress of Xiaohe ancient road, the development of economy, Han nationality immigrants and Huguang merchants provided strong guarantee for the development of the stage. The second part of the article, on the basis of field investigation, describes the geographical distribution of the ancient stage in Hezhou, and classifies the ancient stage by using the typology method, and then probes into the overall architectural structure of the ancient stage. The ancient stage of Hezhou was mainly built in the Ming and Qing dynasties, mainly concentrated in Fuchuan and Zhong Shan, and could be divided into temple stage, ancestral hall stage, ten thousand years stage, clubhouse stage and so on. The main structure of the building can be divided into several parts, such as roof, algae well, the next door, the dressing room and so on. The third part of the article discusses the architectural characteristics of the ancient stage in Hezhou. In addition to the structure, the characteristics of the ancient stage of Hezhou are embodied in the architectural characteristics. This paper points out that the architectural characteristics of the ancient stage in Hezhou are mainly reflected in the architectural orientation of the southern dynasty and north as the rule, and in the decorative carving, the mysterious strange and the plain coexistence are embodied in the decoration and carving. The fourth part of the article, on the basis of the above research, summarizes the cultural function of the ancient stage in Hezhou. The author thinks that the universality of the cultural function is one of the important cultural characteristics of the stage. The stage carries a complex cultural function. From the point of view of the purpose of constructing the stage, the most basic function of the stage is to offer the play to God and pray to the gods. With the popularization and development of the stage and people's use of the stage, the stage also presents many functions, such as social education, entertainment, cultural inheritance and so on. Finally is the conclusion. Through the exploration of the above contents, the author thinks that the space formed by the stage is a structure closely connected with religion and folklore, and presents a unique cultural landscape of religious belief and secular life. The cultural function of entertainment god and the coexistence of sacred and secular culture are the fundamental reason and direct motive force for the formation of the artistic characteristics of the ancient stage architecture in Hezhou. Therefore, the ancient stage of Hezhou is a sacred and secular cultural space.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K879.1

【参考文献】