晋国青铜器鸟类形象的艺术特征

发布时间：2018-06-18 13:53

本文选题：晋国 + 青铜器　；参考：《山西大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 青铜时代是鸟形装饰艺术发展的重要时期,特别是西周以后,呈现出一种前所未有的繁荣局面。鸟类作为青铜器动物装饰中出现率较高的一种装饰题材,与器物造型巧妙结合,形成了中国青铜器文化的艺术奇葩。随着山西晋文化考古工作的深入开展,重大考古发现层出不穷,为晋国青铜器多视角考察与研究创造了条件。本文拟借鉴考古类型学与文化因素分析等方法与成果,试图从艺术的角度对晋国青铜器中平面装饰鸟纹和立体鸟造型的代表性标本和材料作尝试性的记述、分析和讨论,对鸟类形象的造型艺术及构图中的均衡与对称、韵律、气势等艺术特点以及与社会历史背景的关系进行尝试性归纳和总结,以期充实晋国青铜器的系统研究。晋国青铜器鸟类形象是在周原鸟形装饰的基础上融入了本区域青铜文化艺术内涵而形成的,因此,其表现形式既与宗周文化有着千丝万缕的联系,又有自身的地域发展特色和演变轨迹。对晋国重要鸟形装饰初步考察的结果表明,整个西周时期,晋国没有形成自己独特的系统鸟纹艺术模式,而是一直处在周原地区青铜艺术的强势影响之下,保持着一种观望与附属状态,表现在纹饰上则是庄严、凝重、充满神圣意味和震慑作用的纹饰的出现和盛行,而均衡和对称式构图所蕴含的端正、稳重的艺术感染力,恰能满足当时的这种需要,这也是西周王室集权统治的政治反映。进入春秋以后,一批雕铸精美的立体鸟造型在晋国大量出现,这类鸟造型原自凶悍的鸷鸟类,身披羽鳞,神态狞厉,其精湛的设计水准和铸造工艺将晋国鸟形装饰艺术推向了极致。“带状变体鸟纹”为主的系列鸟纹,集龙纹和鸟纹的特点于一身,借用夔龙强健、勇猛、有力的体态特征,塑造了其扭曲、盘绕的曲线造型,表现的是一种自由奔放的活力,这种自由气息的兴起使得对称和均衡式构图开始逐渐衰落,取而代之的是能表现动感和韵律的连续式构图,体现在政治上,则是诸侯国纷纷崛起,逐渐脱离周王室的统治,走向独立、相继称霸的新时代的诞生。鸟形装饰有着较强的时代特色,不同时期的青铜器纹饰会随着人们审美意识和社会观念的改变而变化,呈现出不同的面貌和风格特征,这种变化规律的探索正是青铜器艺术研究的一个重要内容。相信随着考古资料的丰富和研究视野的扩展,晋国青铜器艺术的研究会更加深入下去。
[Abstract]:The Bronze Age is an important period for the development of bird-shaped decorative art, especially after the Western Zhou Dynasty, showing an unprecedented prosperity. As a kind of decorative theme with a high frequency of ornament of bronze ware animals, birds are skillfully combined with objects to form the artistic works of Chinese bronze ware culture. With the further development of Shanxi Jin cultural archaeological work, great archaeological discoveries emerge in endlessly, which creates conditions for the investigation and research of bronze ware from many angles of view. Based on the methods and achievements of archaeological typology and cultural factor analysis, this paper attempts to make a tentative description, analysis and discussion of the representative specimens and materials of the plane decorative bird lines and the three-dimensional bird modeling in the bronze ware of Jinguo from the artistic point of view. In order to enrich the systematic study of bronze ware in Jin Dynasty, the author tries to sum up the artistic characteristics of bird image, such as balance and symmetry, prosody, momentum and social and historical background, in order to enrich the systematic study of bronze ware in Jinguo. On the basis of Zhou Yuan bird decoration, the bronze bird image of Jin state was formed by incorporating the bronze culture and art connotation of the region. Therefore, its expression form is inextricably related to the Zongzhou culture. Also has its own regional development characteristics and evolution track. The results of the preliminary investigation on the important bird decoration in Jin showed that throughout the Western Zhou Dynasty, Jin did not form its own unique systematic bird pattern, but was always under the strong influence of bronze art in the Zhou Yuan region. Maintaining a wait-and-see and adjunct state, the appearance and prevalence of ornaments that are solemn, dignified, full of sacredness and awe, and balanced and symmetrical composition, which contain the correct and steady artistic appeal, At that time, it was the political reflection of the centralization of the Western Zhou Dynasty. After entering the Spring and Autumn period, a large number of carved and beautifully cast three-dimensional birds appeared in the State of Jin. These birds were originally shaped by fierce birds of prey, dressed in plume scales and with a fierce look. Its exquisite design level and casting technology will Jin bird-shaped decorative art to the extreme. The series of bird lines, which are mainly "banded variant bird lines", incorporate the characteristics of dragon lines and bird lines, and use Kui's strong, brave and powerful posture characteristics to shape their twisted, winding curves, showing a kind of free and unrestrained vitality. The rise of this kind of freedom led to the gradual decline of symmetrical and balanced composition. Instead, the continuous composition, which could express movement and rhythm, was reflected in politics, and the monarchies rose one after another and gradually broke away from the rule of the Zhou royal family. Toward independence, successive hegemony of the birth of a new era. Bird decoration has strong characteristics of the times. The bronze ornaments of different periods will change with the change of people's aesthetic consciousness and social concept, showing different features and style characteristics. This kind of change law exploration is an important content of bronze art research. It is believed that with the enrichment of archaeological materials and the expansion of research horizons, the study of bronze art in Jinguo will go deeper.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K876.41

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