试论台湾地区的石板棺墓

发布时间：2018-06-19 17:59

本文选题：台湾地区 + 石板棺墓　；参考：《中央民族大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文运用考古地层学、考古类型学及文化因素分析法,对中国台湾地区的石板棺墓进行了分区、分期研究。本文将台湾地区的石板棺墓划分为三大区域——台湾东海岸地区、台湾中部埔里盆地地区和台湾南部地区,具体从以下诸方面展开讨论和分析,并得出自己的认识： 1.从墓葬形制上看,卑南文化卑南遗址的石板棺墓结构最为复杂,有盖板、侧板、端板、底板、横板以及扣榫结构。型式也较多,可分为六大类。就目前的考古资料看,“横板”这种结构仅出现在卑南文化的卑南遗址,不见于其它考古学文化；“扣榫”结构除见于卑南文化外,还见于金属器及金属时代的三和文化,此类结构的石板棺墓仅见于台湾东海岸地区且出现的年代可能较晚。牛稠子文化、大马磷文化等考古学文化的石板棺墓结构都较单- 2.从随葬品的种类及数量上看,牛稠子文化和卑南文化部分石板棺墓有随葬品,然而二文化在随葬品的种类上相差甚大。牛稠子文化随葬品以贝制品为特色,卑南文化随葬品以玉制品为特色。大马磷文化的石板棺墓以无随葬品随葬为特色。 3.从葬式和葬制上看,各考古学文化的石板棺墓中凡能判断或推断葬式的,都是采取仰身直肢葬。较为特殊的是,卑南文化除了有单体葬外,还有复体葬,此为该文化的一大特色,且出现的年代较晚。 4.从埋葬习俗上看,有人骨资料的牛稠子文化人和卑南文化人都有拔齿的传统,且拔齿模式较为统一,以拔去对称的上颚左、右侧门齿和犬齿(CI2│IC2)为主流。 5.从石板棺墓行“室内葬”看,卑南文化卑南遗址是否行室内葬仍有探讨的余地,从现发表的资料看,行室内葬的证据尚不充分,而大马磷文化曲冰遗址早期小型石板棺墓行室内葬的证据较为充分,但也并非所有的小型石板棺墓都遵循这一埋葬原则,遗址晚期并未发现小型石板棺墓行室内葬的现象。 6.从文化间的关系来看,台湾地区各考古学文化之间的石板棺墓似未发现文化传承的直接证据,若仅从石板棺墓的文化特征看,大马磷文化和三和文化似乎受到卑南文化的强烈影响,是否为卑南文化人的后裔尚待探讨；和大陆同类遗存相对比,两岸似乎各成体系,并不见文化传承的现象。此外,卑南文化卑南遗址的石板棺墓的墓向均为东北—西南走向,呈现高度的一致性；墓主人头像也以朝南为主流；棺板的拼接方式也呈现出以“南”为优先的原则,因此,笔者推测“南向”必然在卑南文化的文化中有着重要意义。
[Abstract]:Based on the methods of archaeological stratigraphy, archaeological typology and cultural factors, the slate coffin tombs in Taiwan area of China are divided and studied by stages. In this paper, the slate coffin tombs in Taiwan are divided into three regions: the east coast of Taiwan, the Puli Basin in central Taiwan and the southern Taiwan. The discussion and analysis are made from the following aspects. And draw their own understanding: 1. From the perspective of burial form, the structure of stone slate coffin tomb in Penan site of Penan Culture is the most complex, with cover plate, side plate, end plate, bottom plate, transverse plate and tenon structure. More types, can be divided into six categories. From the current archaeological data, the "horizontal plate" structure appears only at the Penan site of the Penan culture, not in other archaeological cultures; the "tenon" structure is found not only in the Penan culture, but also in metal objects and the Sanhe culture of the metal age. The sarcophagus tombs of this kind of structure are only found in the east coast of Taiwan and may appear later. Niu thick son culture, Malaysia phosphorous culture and other archaeological culture of stone slate coffin tomb structure are more single-2. In terms of the types and quantity of funerary objects, Niu Tuozi culture and Penan culture have funerary objects in some slate coffin tombs, but the two cultures differ greatly in the types of funerary objects. Niufengzi cultural funeral products are characterized by shellfish products, and Penan cultural funeral articles by jade products. The stone slate coffin tomb of Malaysia phosphorus culture is characterized by no funerary objects. 3. From the point of view of burial style and burial system, those who can judge or infer the burial style in the slate coffin tombs of various archaeological cultures are buried with upright arms. In particular, in addition to monolithic burial, there is a complex body burial, which is a major feature of the culture, and the emergence of a late. 4. 4. From the perspective of burial custom, both Niu Tuozi and Penan cultural people with bone materials have the tradition of tooth extraction, and the pattern of tooth extraction is relatively uniform, with the removal of symmetrical left and right incisors and canine teeth CI2 / IC2 as the mainstream. 5. Judging from the "indoor burial" of stone slate coffin tombs, there is still room for discussion on whether or not to carry out indoor burial at the Penan site of Penan Culture. According to the published data, the evidence for indoor burial is still insufficient. However, the evidence of indoor burial of small slate coffins in the early stage of Qubing site of Phosphate Culture in Malaysia is quite strong, but not all small slate coffin tombs follow this burial principle. In the late stage of the site, no small slate coffin tomb was found in indoor burial. 6. 6. From the point of view of the relationship between cultures, the slate coffin tombs between archaeological cultures in Taiwan do not seem to have found direct evidence of cultural inheritance. If only the cultural characteristics of the slate coffins are taken into account, It seems that Malaysia's phosphorus culture and Sanhe culture are strongly influenced by Penan culture, and whether they are descendants of Penan cultural people remains to be explored. Compared with the similar relics in mainland China, the two sides of the strait seem to have their own systems and do not see the phenomenon of cultural inheritance. In addition, the grave directions of stone slate coffin tombs at the Penan site of Penan Culture are in the northeast to the southwest, showing a high degree of consistency; the heads of the owners of the tombs are also the mainstream towards the south; and the splicing of the coffin plates also shows the principle of giving priority to the "south", so, The author speculated that "southward" must play an important role in the culture of Penan culture.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K878.8

【参考文献】