成都出土东汉“别部司马”铜印考

发布时间：2018-06-29 06:21

本文选题：别部司马 + 割据　；参考：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2017年01期

【摘要】：1975年成都羊市街出土"别部司马"铜印一件。资料显示,这种东汉军队官员印章,在全国其他地区也有少量发现。据文献记载,别部司马是东汉时期别营的领兵官,早期直属于大将军。东汉末年,兵制受到破坏,别部司马的隶属也发生了较大变化。在东汉军队中,虽然别部司马的地位和官秩都不是很高,但东汉末年至三国一些著名历史人物,都曾担任过这一官职。由于东汉兵制对别部司马的领兵数并没有作出严格规定,加上"别营"、"别部司马"属于比较特殊的编制,具有很强的独立性,朝廷和各大割据势力也就将其作为收编流散武装、增强自身实力的手段和工具。在东汉末年争霸战争中,别营、别部司马为各方霸主争夺势力范围,发挥过十分重要的作用。随着三国鼎立局面的形成,别营和别部司马已经不适应当时形势需要,并开始逐步退出历史舞台。
[Abstract]:In 1975, Chengdu Yangshi Street unearthed "other Ministry Sima" copper print. Data show that the Eastern Han military officials seal, also found in other parts of the country. According to the literature, Sima was the leader of the other battalion in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and was directly under the general in the early period. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the military system was destroyed, and the subordinate of Sima of other ministries also changed greatly. Although the rank and rank of other Sima were not very high in the Eastern Han army, some famous historical figures from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the three Kingdoms held this official post. Since the military system of the Eastern Han Dynasty did not make strict provisions on the number of troops to be taken by Sima in other ministries, adding "other battalions", "other ministries and Sima" was a relatively special structure with a very strong independence, and the imperial court and the major separatist forces also used it as a collection and dispersal force. The means and tools to enhance one's own strength. In the war of hegemony in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, other departments and Sima played a very important role in fighting for the dominion of all sides. With the formation of the three Kingdoms, other businesses and other departments Sima did not meet the needs of the situation at that time, and began to gradually withdraw from the historical stage.
【作者单位】：成都博物馆;
【分类号】：K877.6

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