考古所见宋元骨刷研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 10:32

本文选题：骨刷 + 抿子　；参考：《黑龙江大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文主要以宋元时期考古所见的骨刷为研究对象,主要对骨刷进行了分期、断代,并在此基础上,进行了相关问题的研究。主要有以下几点认识:一、通过对目前出土的宋元骨刷的类型学排队,将其分成圆柱状细柄的A型和扁状宽柄的B型。其中,将A型分为孔分布呈长方形的Aa型、孔分布呈椭圆形的Ab型;B型分为无肩的Ba型、尾部呈扇子形的Bb型。依据其形制的演变规律,将骨刷分为二期4段。背面没有凹槽的第1、第2段为第一期,约为辽早中期;骨刷背面有凹槽的第3、第4段为第二期,分别为辽晚期至金元时期。二、在分期的基础上,考察骨刷分布的时代变化。辽早中期,A型主要集中于赤峰北部地区,B型零散则分布于我国南方地区。到了辽晚期,A型骨刷的分布地区由赤峰北部向附近地区扩大,向西布及到河北北部、内蒙古西部,向东拓展到辽宁西部,向北扩张到内蒙古北部、吉林西部,向南扩展到赤峰南部和北京等地。B型由分散于南方地区逐渐集中于河南地区,并在河南地区出现了A、B型混合分布的地区。金元时期,A、B型骨刷混合分布的区域,向北扩展到山西北部、河北北部、内蒙古西部和北京等地,向南扩大到了东南沿海地区。结合文献来看,骨刷的分布的变化主要受政权中心、疆域、政权消亡所影响。三、通过对墓主人身份的考察,发现骨刷的使用人群主要是契丹、奚、汉等民族,而且总体上以成年女性为主。综合分析骨刷形制、出土情景、共生器物组合以及有关文献、壁画、绘画等资料,可知考古所见的宋元骨刷,大部分为文献中提到的“刷(抿)”,即泽发用具,起源于晚唐前后,发展于宋金,元末以后逐渐流行。在其发展过程中,南方地区的A型骨刷在元代,出现了清理齿垢的功能并逐渐发展成为牙刷。而学者根据敦煌壁画“揩齿图”认为我国牙刷起源于佛教的说法是不可靠的。另外,从窑址中骨刷的出土情景来看,此类发现的骨刷也并非学者们所推测的制瓷工具。
[Abstract]:This article mainly takes the bone brush seen in the Song and Yuan dynasties as the research object, mainly carries on the stage, the generation to the bone brush, and on this basis, has carried on the related question research. The main conclusions are as follows: first, by the typology of the bone brushes unearthed in Song and Yuan dynasties, the brushes are divided into A type with cylindrical thin handle and B type with flat broad handle. Among them, A type is divided into A type with a rectangular pore distribution, Ab type B type with an elliptical hole distribution is classified as Ba type without shoulder and B type with a fan shape at the tail. According to the evolution law of its shape, the bone brush is divided into two stages and four sections. The first stage, the second stage, is the first stage, about the middle period of Liao Dynasty, and the third, the fourth stage, which has the groove on the back of the bone brush, from the late Liao period to the Jin and Yuan Dynasty, respectively. Secondly, on the basis of stages, the time changes of bone brush distribution were investigated. Type A is mainly distributed in the north of Chifeng and scattered in the southern part of China. At the end of the Liao Dynasty, the distribution of the type A bone brushes expanded from the northern part of Chifeng to the nearby area, to Xibu and to the north of Hebei, to the western part of Inner Mongolia, to the east to the western part of Liaoning, to the north of Inner Mongolia and to the western part of Jilin. It extends to the south of Chifeng and Beijing, and distributes from south to south and gradually concentrates in Henan, and there is a mixed distribution of AZB in Henan. In the Jin and Yuan dynasties, the mixed distribution of AZB type bone brushes spread northward to northern Shanxi, northern Hebei, western Inner Mongolia and Beijing, and extended southward to the southeast coastal areas. According to the literature, the distribution of bone brush is mainly affected by regime center, territory and regime extinction. Third, through the investigation of the identity of the owner of the tomb, it was found that the use of bone brush was mainly composed of Khitan, Xi, Han and other ethnic groups, and the majority of adult women. By synthetically analyzing the shape of bone brushes, unearthed scenes, symbiotic utensils and related documents, murals, paintings, etc., we can see that most of the bones brushes in Song and Yuan dynasties, as mentioned in the literature, are "brushes (sips)" mentioned in the literature, that is, sallow hair utensils. Originated around the late Tang Dynasty, developed in the Song and Jin dynasties, the end of the Yuan Dynasty gradually popular. In the process of its development, A type bone brushes in Southern China appeared the function of cleaning tooth scale and gradually developed into toothbrushes in Yuan Dynasty. According to Dunhuang frescoes, the Chinese toothbrush originated from Buddhism is unreliable. In addition, according to the unearthed scene of bone brush in kiln site, this kind of bone brush is not a porcelain tool that scholars speculate.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K876.1

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