中国文物的流失与回归问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 02:41

本文选题：中国 + 文物　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 我国历史悠久,文明辉煌,勤劳智慧的祖先给我们留下了浩如烟海的文化遗产和文明古迹。然而,在人类的发展史上,世界上许多国家曾一度因为没有有效的法律制约等原因而导致本国的文化财产流失境外。尤其是中国这样的文物大国,由于战争劫掠、偷盗走私、非法交易等原因,使我国大量的珍贵文物流失海外。改革开放以来,中国经济迅速增长,人民生活水平日益提高,我国在物质文明建设取得一定成效的基础上,开始注重精神文明建设。对文化遗产的极力保护,以及对流失海外文物的关注,竭力通过种种渠道促进非法流失海外文物的回归就是其体现形式之一。在这种研究背景下,本文选择对我国文物流失与回归的相关问题进行系统的研究,在搞清何谓流失文物、何谓回归文物的基础上,掌握我国文物非法流失的背景、方式、数量和分布状况,然后根据流失现状探讨不同流失文物的回归渠道。最后针对国家大力提倡的对非法流失文物坚决进行追索的呼吁,着重探讨追索流失文物所涉及的相关法律问题。论文的具体内容如下：第一章是绪论,主要对前人的研究现状进行简单评述,并介绍本文的研究背景、研究意义、研究思路及拟要解决的问题和研究方法。第二章是“流失文物”和“回归文物”的定义,简述论文中将要涉及到的一些相关概念,并对“流失文物”和“回归文物”的定义加以界定。第三章是文物的流失方式与流失现状,探析当时我国文物流失的历史必然性,论述鸦片战争以来我国文物的流失方式、流失数量及大致的分布状况。第四章是流失文物回归的相关问题,首先,概述流失文物回归的几种渠道以及流失文物返还的国际历史背景；其次,响应国家大力提倡要求依法追索非法流失海外文物,探析文化财产国际法保护的发展进程,并对目前追索非法流失文物的法律框架——三个国际公约及其背后的两个法律理论依据进行比较评述,指出我国依法追索流失文物所面临的法律障碍；再次,探讨追索流失文物时所遇到的文物市场国的文化沙文主义以及文物国际贸易机制问题；最后,通过分析几个国际社会成功追索流失文物的案例,试图对我国今后的追索工作提出一些建设性的对策,并对今后的追索前景进行展望。第五章是结语,简要回顾和总结本文的研究内容,并对今后的研究工作进行前瞻性探讨。
[Abstract]:Our country has a long history, brilliant civilization, hardworking and wise ancestors left us a vast cultural heritage and cultural relics. However, in the history of human development, many countries in the world once led to the loss of their cultural property overseas due to the lack of effective legal restrictions. Especially in China, a large number of precious cultural relics have been lost overseas because of war looting, theft, smuggling, illegal trade and so on. Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has grown rapidly and the people's living standards have been improved day by day. On the basis of the achievements made in the construction of material civilization, China has begun to pay attention to the construction of spiritual civilization. The protection of cultural heritage and the concern for the loss of cultural relics abroad are one of the forms of its embodiment. The efforts to promote the return of illegally lost cultural relics abroad through various channels are one of its forms. Under this kind of research background, this article chooses to carry on the systematic research to our country cultural relic wastage and the return related question, on the basis of making clear what is the lost cultural relic, what is the return to the cultural relic, grasps the background, the way of our country cultural relic illegal wastage, Quantity and distribution, and then according to the current situation of loss of cultural relics to explore the return of different channels. Finally, in view of the appeal that the country strongly advocated to pursue the illegally lost cultural relics, the relevant legal problems involved in the recovery of the lost cultural relics are discussed emphatically. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter is the introduction, which mainly reviews the current research situation of the predecessors, and introduces the research background, research significance, research ideas, problems to be solved and research methods. The second chapter is the definition of "lost cultural relic" and "return to cultural relic", briefly describing some related concepts that will be involved in the paper, and defining the definitions of "lost cultural relic" and "returned cultural relic". The third chapter is the way and the current situation of the loss of cultural relics, analyzes the historical inevitability of the loss of cultural relics in China at that time, and discusses the way, quantity and distribution of the loss of cultural relics in China since the Opium War. Chapter four is related to the return of lost cultural relics. Firstly, it summarizes several channels of returning lost cultural relics and the international historical background of returning lost cultural relics. Secondly, in response to the country's strong advocacy to pursue the illegal loss of overseas cultural relics according to law, This paper probes into the development process of the protection of cultural property in international law, and makes a comparative comment on the legal framework of the three international conventions and the two legal theoretical bases behind them. It points out the legal obstacles that our country faces in pursuing the lost cultural relics according to law. Thirdly, it discusses the cultural chauvinism and the international trade mechanism of the cultural relics market countries encountered in the process of recovering the lost cultural relics. Finally, Through the analysis of several cases of successful recovery of lost cultural relics in the international community, this paper tries to put forward some constructive countermeasures for our country's future recovery work, and looks forward to the prospect of tracing in the future. The fifth chapter is the conclusion, briefly reviews and summarizes the research content, and carries on the prospective discussion to the future research work.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K871

【引证文献】