盐分在文物本体中的迁移及毁损机理

发布时间：2018-07-05 17:17

  本文选题：文物本体 + 盐分迁移　； 参考：《文物保护与考古科学》2017年05期

【摘要】：本文以盐分对文物本体的破坏机理为主题,分别评述了国内和国外的代表性研究成果,提出今后文化遗产盐害机理研究中需要重点关注的三个方面的问题。文物本体盐害的发生、发展与遗址本体中盐分的种类、含量、文物本体微结构以及环境变化密切相关,其盐害发生发展机理及盐分活动规律的研究是文化遗产保护的当然要求,也是文化遗产保护的难点和重点。以土遗址和陶质文物为主要研究对象,着眼于共性问题,研究文物本体环境现状、材料组成、病害调查、盐分组成、迁移、毛细吸附、结晶破坏及可溶盐沉淀分布等,归纳出了若干盐害毁损的机理和规律。鉴于硅酸盐质文化遗产盐害分布极其广泛、赋存环境条件千差万别、盐害成因复杂、表现形式多种多样、治理难度极其困难、盐害文物修复后的复发几率又比较频繁,所取得的研究进展还很难解释所有复杂的、千变万化的盐害现象。因此,如何建立一套符合文物盐害特点的研究方法,使得在该方法下获取的研究结果更加符合实际,也是很迫切的一项工作。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the damage mechanism of salt to cultural relic body is taken as the theme, the representative research results of domestic and foreign countries are reviewed, and three problems that need to be paid attention to in the future research on salt damage mechanism of cultural heritage are put forward. The occurrence and development of salt damage in cultural relic body are closely related to the species and content of salt in site body, the microstructure of cultural relic body and the change of environment. The research on the mechanism of occurrence and development of salt damage and the law of salt activity is the natural requirement of cultural heritage protection. Also is the cultural heritage protection difficult point and the focal point. Taking earthen sites and pottery relics as the main research objects, focusing on the common problems, the present situation of the cultural relics' body environment, the material composition, the disease investigation, the salt composition, the migration, the capillary adsorption, the crystal destruction and the soluble salt precipitation distribution, etc., are studied. The mechanism and law of salt damage are summarized. In view of the widespread distribution of salt damage in silicate cultural heritage, the diversity of environmental conditions, the complexity of the causes of salt damage, the variety of forms of salt damage, the difficulty of management, and the frequency of recurrence after the restoration of cultural relics caused by salt damage, The research progress made is also difficult to explain all the complex, ever-changing salinization phenomena. Therefore, how to establish a set of research methods in accordance with the characteristics of cultural relics salt damage, so that the research results obtained under the method more in line with the reality, is also a very urgent work.
【作者单位】： 北方民族大学化学与化学工程学院国家民委化工技术基础重点实验室;敦煌研究院保护研究所国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心;陶质彩绘文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地(秦始皇帝陵博物院);中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所羰基合成与选择氧化国家重点实验室;上海大学;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助(41663012) 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资助(2012CB720901) 国家科技支撑计划资助(2014BAK16B00) 国家文物局文物保护科学和技术研究课题资助(20110207)
【分类号】：K87;TQ170.12
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本文编号：2101052