二里头文化花边口圆腹罐初步研究
发布时间：2018-07-13 20:26
【摘要】：二里头文化是崛起于中原腹地、分布范围空前扩大、内涵极其丰富、具有高度发展水平的一支考古学文化。其在形成过程中博采众长,吸收了众多其他文化中先进的因素,推动了自身的发展壮大。尽管二里头文化已是青铜时代的文化,但是其初始阶段,大量的文化遗存仍属日用陶器、石器和骨器等。在划分考古学文化和类型的研究中起主要作用的仍是陶器。花边口圆腹罐是二里头文化中具有显著特色的一类陶器,自二里头文化一期萌芽,二期发展到全盛,三期逐渐衰退,四期渐趋消亡,其器类典型、出土数量多、分布地域广,具有鲜明的时代特点和地域特色,是二里头文化陶器组合的核心之一,甚至有学者说此类器物是衡量某一文化遗存是否为二里头文化的标型器。但是这类器物在中原地区找不到其前身,而分布于西北地区稍早于二里头文化以及与其同时期的一些文化中都有所发现。通过对二里头文化及西北地区与之同时和稍早的遗址中出土花边口圆腹罐的系统梳理发现,二里头文化花边口圆腹罐的来源与西北地区的齐家文化和客省庄文化有关。经对比,二里头文化中的一些花边作风均能在齐家、客省庄文化中找到相似的同类器,但是二里头文化的人们并非全盘照搬西北地区这两种文化中此类器物的作风,而是有所选择的吸收后又进行了创新。其中附加泥条类“∞”状、附加泥条锯齿状花边口圆腹罐的作风源自齐家文化,非附加泥条锯齿状花边口圆腹罐的作风源自客省庄文化,而附加泥条绳纹状花边口圆腹罐应是二里头文化东下冯类型的创新,附加泥条菱格状和非附加泥条类“∞”状花边口圆腹罐则是二里头类型的独特创新。源自西北地区的这种鲜明的陶器风格传入中原的动因很可能是环境恶化及战争促成的,在距今四千多年前西北地区气候恶化,促使齐家文化的人群东迁,其一度到达了关中东部。齐家、客省庄文化人群与向西寻求对外扩张的二里头文化人群相遇,使得西北地区花边口圆腹罐在这种激烈的碰撞与交流中被二里头文化的人主动吸收,成为中原文明的一部分。花边口圆腹罐一传入中原,就深受二里头文化人的喜爱,他们不仅保留了吸纳的花边风格,还创造了新的风格。
[Abstract]:Erlitou culture is an archeological culture rising in the hinterland of the Central Plains with an unprecedented expansion of distribution, extremely rich connotation and a high level of development. It has absorbed many advanced factors in other cultures and promoted its own development. Although Erlitou culture was already a Bronze Age culture, a large number of cultural relics were still domestic pottery, stone tools and bone objects in its initial stage. Pottery still plays a major role in the study of the classification of archaeological cultures and types. The lace-mouth circular pot is a kind of pottery with remarkable characteristics in Erlitou culture. It has developed from the first stage of Erlitou culture to its full prosperity in the second phase, gradually declined in the third period, and gradually died out in the fourth period. It is typical of its type, with a large number of excavations and a wide distribution. It is one of the core of Erlitou cultural pottery combination with distinct characteristics of the times and regions. Even some scholars say that this kind of artifacts is a standard device to measure whether a certain cultural remains is Erlitou culture. However, this kind of artifacts can not be found in the Central Plains region, but has been found in the northwest region earlier than Erlitou culture and some of its contemporaries. Through the systematic combing of Erlitou culture and the circular pots unearthed at the same time and earlier sites in northwest China, it is found that the origin of the circular pots at the lace mouth of Erlitou culture is related to the Qijia culture and the Hakashangzhuang culture in the northwest region. By contrast, some of the lace styles in Erlitou culture can all be found in the Qijia and Hakashangzhuang cultures, but the people of Erlitou culture do not copy the style of such objects in these two cultures in the Northwest region. Instead, selective absorption was followed by innovation. Among them, the "鈭，
本文编号：2120640
[Abstract]:Erlitou culture is an archeological culture rising in the hinterland of the Central Plains with an unprecedented expansion of distribution, extremely rich connotation and a high level of development. It has absorbed many advanced factors in other cultures and promoted its own development. Although Erlitou culture was already a Bronze Age culture, a large number of cultural relics were still domestic pottery, stone tools and bone objects in its initial stage. Pottery still plays a major role in the study of the classification of archaeological cultures and types. The lace-mouth circular pot is a kind of pottery with remarkable characteristics in Erlitou culture. It has developed from the first stage of Erlitou culture to its full prosperity in the second phase, gradually declined in the third period, and gradually died out in the fourth period. It is typical of its type, with a large number of excavations and a wide distribution. It is one of the core of Erlitou cultural pottery combination with distinct characteristics of the times and regions. Even some scholars say that this kind of artifacts is a standard device to measure whether a certain cultural remains is Erlitou culture. However, this kind of artifacts can not be found in the Central Plains region, but has been found in the northwest region earlier than Erlitou culture and some of its contemporaries. Through the systematic combing of Erlitou culture and the circular pots unearthed at the same time and earlier sites in northwest China, it is found that the origin of the circular pots at the lace mouth of Erlitou culture is related to the Qijia culture and the Hakashangzhuang culture in the northwest region. By contrast, some of the lace styles in Erlitou culture can all be found in the Qijia and Hakashangzhuang cultures, but the people of Erlitou culture do not copy the style of such objects in these two cultures in the Northwest region. Instead, selective absorption was followed by innovation. Among them, the "鈭，
本文编号：2120640
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