综合地球物理考古方法的应用可行性研究
发布时间：2018-07-31 18:42
【摘要】：出于文物保护的需要,田野考古调查需要无损的探测技术。因此不会给地下文物带来损害的地球物理考古是考古调查发展的一个必然方向。地下考古遗存常常和周围介质存在物性差异,这就为应用地球物理方法进行考古奠定了物性基础。如夯土经过夯筑,其密度、介电常数、电导率以及磁导率等就会和周围的介质产生差异。根据考古遗存和周围介质在电性、磁性、地震波阻抗、放射性元素含量等方面的差异,就可以进行多种地球物理方法的探测,如探地雷达、高密度电法、磁法、地震勘探、放射性勘探等。每种地球物理方法,不仅有各自的优缺点,且只对某一两个物性差异比较敏感,一般具有多解性,还常常会受到近地表干扰。因此应用单种地球物理方法进行考古,虽能反映地下考古遗存信息,但其考古解译的准确性令人怀疑。综合地球物理考古则可以提供多方面的信息,综合发挥各种方法的优点,从而增强地球物理考古解译的准确性和可靠性。 地球物理考古理论研究的最终目的是将地球物理技术成功应用于实际的考古调查中,完成考古任务。故本文在进行综合地球物理考古方法的应用可行性研究时采用理论结合实际的思路,先进行单方法考古的理论研究,而后应用到实际考古中,并进行综合地球物理考古的实际应用研究。 针对在实际考古调查中遇到的几种考古目标,展开了相应的地球物理正演模拟,并结合实际探测数据综合研究,以提取夯土层(腾冲南诏古城)、石刻(西安唐陵)、地下古墓(腾冲南诏古城)的探地雷达响应特征；获得了古城墙(模拟良渚东城墙)、古河道(良渚古城遗址)的高密度电法响应特征,从而指导实际的考古探测。 许多考古遗址常位于城市或城市边缘,如良渚古城遗址,在这些遗址进行探地雷达考古时就会受到现代人工产品(如高压线、铁丝网、建筑等)的干扰。本文利用有限差分和射线理论,进行了地面以上物体的反射干扰的正演模拟和系统理论分析,提取了干扰特征,为干扰的有效识别和压制提供了基础。 地下考古目标是三维的,因此有必要进行三维地球物理考古研究。本文进行了三维探地雷达和三维高密度电法的实际应用研究。研究结果表明,与二维探测相比,结合有效的三维显示软件,三维探测能提供更为丰富的信息,其考古解译的成果也更为准确和可信。 本文首次应用综合地球物理方法开展了良渚古城外古水系分布情况的调查,还进行了文化层堆积的有效探测。在良渚古城遗址的东城墙遗址,还进行了多道面波分析实际探测研究,这在国内外尚属首次。 在不同遗址的实际应用成果表明,论文的理论研究成果具有实用价值,能在实际的考古调查中起到作用。
[Abstract]:For the need of cultural relic protection, field archaeological investigation needs non-destructive detection technology. Therefore, geophysical archaeology, which will not cause damage to underground cultural relics, is an inevitable direction of archaeological investigation and development. Underground archaeological remains are often different from those of surrounding media, which lays a physical foundation for the application of geophysical methods to archaeology. If rammed soil is rammed, its density, dielectric constant, conductivity and permeability will be different from the surrounding medium. According to the differences between archaeological remains and surrounding media in electrical, magnetic, seismic wave impedance and radioactive element content, various geophysical methods such as ground penetrating radar, high-density electric method, magnetic method, seismic exploration can be carried out. Radioactive exploration, etc. Each geophysical method not only has its own advantages and disadvantages, but also is sensitive to one or two physical differences. Therefore, the application of single geophysical method to archaeology can reflect the information of archaeological remains, but the accuracy of archaeological interpretation is doubtful. Comprehensive geophysical archaeology can provide many kinds of information and give full play to the advantages of various methods so as to enhance the accuracy and reliability of geophysical archaeological interpretation. The ultimate goal of the theoretical study of geophysical archaeology is to successfully apply geophysical technology to the actual archaeological investigation and complete the archaeological task. Therefore, in the feasibility study of the application of comprehensive geophysical archaeological methods, this paper adopts the idea of combining theory with practice, and carries out the theoretical research of single-method archaeology first, and then applies it to practical archaeology. The practical application of comprehensive geophysical archaeology is also studied. Aiming at several kinds of archaeological targets encountered in the actual archaeological investigation, the corresponding geophysical forward modeling is carried out, and combined with the comprehensive study of the actual exploration data, In order to extract the ground penetrating radar response characteristics of rammed earth layer (Nanzhao ancient city of Tengchong), stone carving (Tang Ling of Xi'an) and underground tomb (ancient city of Nanzhao in Tengchong); The response characteristics of the ancient city walls (simulated eastern Liangzhu city walls) and ancient rivers (ancient Liangzhu ancient city sites) by high-density electrical method are obtained to guide the actual archaeological exploration. Many archaeological sites are often located in cities or on the edge of cities, such as Liangzhu ancient city sites, where ground penetrating radar archaeology will be disturbed by modern artificial products (such as high-voltage lines, barbed wire, buildings, etc.). In this paper, the forward modeling and systematic theoretical analysis of the reflection interference of objects above the ground are carried out by using the finite difference and ray theory, and the interference characteristics are extracted, which provides the basis for the effective identification and suppression of the interference. The underground archaeological target is three-dimensional, so it is necessary to carry out three-dimensional geophysical archaeological research. In this paper, the practical application of three-dimensional ground penetrating radar and three-dimensional high-density electrical method is studied. The results show that 3D detection can provide more abundant information and the results of archaeological interpretation are more accurate and reliable than that of 2D detection combined with effective 3D display software. In this paper, a comprehensive geophysical method is used to investigate the distribution of ancient water system outside Liangzhu ancient city for the first time, and the effective exploration of the accumulation of cultural layer is also carried out. In the east wall site of Liangzhu ancient city site, multi-channel surface wave analysis has been carried out, which is the first time at home and abroad. The practical application results at different sites show that the theoretical research results of the paper are of practical value and can play an important role in the actual archaeological investigation.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K854;P631
本文编号：2156488
[Abstract]:For the need of cultural relic protection, field archaeological investigation needs non-destructive detection technology. Therefore, geophysical archaeology, which will not cause damage to underground cultural relics, is an inevitable direction of archaeological investigation and development. Underground archaeological remains are often different from those of surrounding media, which lays a physical foundation for the application of geophysical methods to archaeology. If rammed soil is rammed, its density, dielectric constant, conductivity and permeability will be different from the surrounding medium. According to the differences between archaeological remains and surrounding media in electrical, magnetic, seismic wave impedance and radioactive element content, various geophysical methods such as ground penetrating radar, high-density electric method, magnetic method, seismic exploration can be carried out. Radioactive exploration, etc. Each geophysical method not only has its own advantages and disadvantages, but also is sensitive to one or two physical differences. Therefore, the application of single geophysical method to archaeology can reflect the information of archaeological remains, but the accuracy of archaeological interpretation is doubtful. Comprehensive geophysical archaeology can provide many kinds of information and give full play to the advantages of various methods so as to enhance the accuracy and reliability of geophysical archaeological interpretation. The ultimate goal of the theoretical study of geophysical archaeology is to successfully apply geophysical technology to the actual archaeological investigation and complete the archaeological task. Therefore, in the feasibility study of the application of comprehensive geophysical archaeological methods, this paper adopts the idea of combining theory with practice, and carries out the theoretical research of single-method archaeology first, and then applies it to practical archaeology. The practical application of comprehensive geophysical archaeology is also studied. Aiming at several kinds of archaeological targets encountered in the actual archaeological investigation, the corresponding geophysical forward modeling is carried out, and combined with the comprehensive study of the actual exploration data, In order to extract the ground penetrating radar response characteristics of rammed earth layer (Nanzhao ancient city of Tengchong), stone carving (Tang Ling of Xi'an) and underground tomb (ancient city of Nanzhao in Tengchong); The response characteristics of the ancient city walls (simulated eastern Liangzhu city walls) and ancient rivers (ancient Liangzhu ancient city sites) by high-density electrical method are obtained to guide the actual archaeological exploration. Many archaeological sites are often located in cities or on the edge of cities, such as Liangzhu ancient city sites, where ground penetrating radar archaeology will be disturbed by modern artificial products (such as high-voltage lines, barbed wire, buildings, etc.). In this paper, the forward modeling and systematic theoretical analysis of the reflection interference of objects above the ground are carried out by using the finite difference and ray theory, and the interference characteristics are extracted, which provides the basis for the effective identification and suppression of the interference. The underground archaeological target is three-dimensional, so it is necessary to carry out three-dimensional geophysical archaeological research. In this paper, the practical application of three-dimensional ground penetrating radar and three-dimensional high-density electrical method is studied. The results show that 3D detection can provide more abundant information and the results of archaeological interpretation are more accurate and reliable than that of 2D detection combined with effective 3D display software. In this paper, a comprehensive geophysical method is used to investigate the distribution of ancient water system outside Liangzhu ancient city for the first time, and the effective exploration of the accumulation of cultural layer is also carried out. In the east wall site of Liangzhu ancient city site, multi-channel surface wave analysis has been carried out, which is the first time at home and abroad. The practical application results at different sites show that the theoretical research results of the paper are of practical value and can play an important role in the actual archaeological investigation.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K854;P631
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 林致铭;探地雷达对古塔特征参数的识别研究[D];扬州大学;2012年
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