贵州苗族石棺葬的历史与现状调查研究

发布时间：2018-08-11 14:13

【摘要】：贵州是少数民族聚居的地方,民族间交流形成了多民族的文化。石棺葬作为少数民族特有的一种墓葬形式,因分布的区域不同,其地域特征和文化特色也不尽相同。在文明加速和文化变迁的进程中,多数文化被湮没在历史的长河中,但贵州苗族仍保持自身的民族特色,继续传承石棺为葬具的习俗。独特的苗族石棺葬是贵州喀斯特地貌孕育下的产物,在这样环境的孕育之下,苗族石棺葬呈现出民族性、地域性和独特性。苗族石棺葬不仅是苗族先民精神寄托与宗教信仰的体现,而且是其文化传承的标识和族群认同之所在。难能可贵的是,今天贵州部分地区的苗族仍保持石棺葬习俗,这不仅在学术史上具有重大的意义,同时将成为研究少数民族墓葬文化的“活化石”,为石棺葬文化的研究提供了现实依据。学术界对贵州石棺葬的研究较显薄弱。首先,关注此方面的学者寥寥无几;其次,内容上多探讨墓葬形制、墓葬结构、随葬品及族属问题等;最后,方法上偏重考古学,较少田野调查法。鉴于此,本文通过个案研究,结合前辈的考古发掘资料与地方文献资料,首要运用田野调查法与文化人类学等理论知识,重点探讨贵州苗族石棺葬文化的历史演变过程,核心把握现状并作对比性分析。通过分析可知,贵州苗族石棺葬不仅是喀斯特地貌孕育下的产物,也是民族文化交流的结果。它的存续是苗族人民合理利用与保护生态环境的体现,在传承民族文化的同时,传达了其生态价值观。
[Abstract]:Guizhou is a place where ethnic minorities live, and ethnic exchanges form a multi-national culture. Sarcophagus burial is a special burial form of minority nationalities, and its regional and cultural characteristics are different because of the different distribution regions. In the process of accelerating civilization and cultural change, most cultures were lost in the long river of history, but the Miao nationality in Guizhou still maintained their own national characteristics and continued to inherit the custom of sarcophagus as burial utensils. The unique burial of the Miao sarcophagus is the product of karst landforms in Guizhou Province. Under such an environment, the burial of the Miao sarcophagus presents a national, regional and unique character. The burial of the Miao sarcophagus is not only the embodiment of the spiritual sustenance and religious belief of the ancestors of the Miao nationality, but also the symbol of its cultural heritage and the identity of its ethnic group. It is commendable that the Miao people in parts of Guizhou still maintain the custom of sarcophagus burial today, which is not only of great significance in academic history, but will also become a "living fossil" to study the burial culture of ethnic minorities. It provides a realistic basis for the study of sarcophagus burial culture. The research on sarcophagus burial in Guizhou is weak in academic circles. First of all, few scholars pay attention to this aspect; secondly, the content of the tombs form, burial structure, burial objects and clan problems; finally, the method of emphasis on archaeology, less field investigation. In view of this, this article through the case study, unifies the predecessor archaeological excavation data and the local literature material, mainly uses the field investigation method and the cultural anthropology and so on theory knowledge, emphatically discusses the Guizhou Miao nationality sarcophagus burial culture historical evolution process, The core grasps the present situation and makes the comparative analysis. According to the analysis, the burial of Miao's sarcophagus in Guizhou is not only the product of karst landform, but also the result of cultural exchange. Its existence is the embodiment of the rational use and protection of the ecological environment of the Miao people. It conveys its ecological values while inheriting the national culture.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K878.8

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