内蒙古和林格尔大堡山墓地古代居民的DNA研究

发布时间：2018-08-12 21:00

【摘要】：大堡山墓地位于内蒙古中南部的和林格尔地区,发掘于2011年,据发掘者推测是一处战国晚期的赵国墓葬。内蒙古中南部是内蒙古长城地带的中段,中国北方文化带的重要组成部分。该区域内考古学文化既受中原地区的影响,也吸收草原地区的文化因素,同时伴随着复杂的人群迁徙与交流活动。大堡山墓地正处于北方文化带最终形成时期,对该墓地出土的人类遗骸进行古DNA研究,有利于进一步了解当时的人群和文化的交流状况。内蒙古中南部地区墓葬丰富,为该地区的古代人群研究提供了充足的材料。但是到目前为止,针对该区域内先秦时期古代人群的DNA研究,尤其是Y染色体DNA方面还有待加强。并且,通常的古DNA研究多半仅包含线粒体DNA或Y染色体DNA中的一个方面,而本文将二者结合,从母系和父系两个方面对大堡山墓地古代居民的遗传多态性进行分析和研究,探讨其人群的来源。本文通过对大堡山墓地古代居民的线粒体DNA研究发现,该墓地古代人群的线粒体单倍型类群可归属于B,D,F,G,N9a,Z和M*这7个单倍型类群。在与其他古代人群的线粒体DNA数据进行比较,结果显示大堡山墓地人群与中原地区的古代人群可能具有较近的遗传关系,其中与被认为是中原地区移民的将军沟墓地人群遗传距离最近,。在与现代人群进行比较的结果暗示该墓地人群与现代的东亚人群,尤其是中国北方汉族有着紧密的联系。通过对大堡山墓地古代居民Y染色体DNA研究,显示该人群至少包含3种Y-SNP单倍型类群:O、N、C,且很可能以O型为主。据现代人群的Y染色体DNA研究,东亚人群以O型为主,所以大堡山墓地古代居民与现在东亚人群尤其中国汉族居民可能存在较为相似的父系遗传结构。通过对比分析现有的古代人群的Y染色体DNA数据,结果暗示该人群虽然与中原地区古代人群有密切的父系遗传关系,但也混入了北方民族的成份。结合线粒体DNA和Y染色体DNA的数据分析结果,可推测大堡山墓地古代居民与古代中原人群和现代的东亚人群间可能存在着较为密切的遗传关系。但同时也可看出,该人群来源并不单纯,北方人群也对其有遗传贡献。
[Abstract]:The Dabou Mountain Cemetery, located in the Hallingle region of south-central Inner Mongolia, was excavated in 2011 and is supposed to be a late warring States tomb of Zhao. Central and southern Inner Mongolia is the central part of the Great Wall, an important part of northern China's cultural belt. The archaeological culture in this region is influenced by the Central Plains region and also absorbs the cultural factors of the grassland area. At the same time, it is accompanied by the complex human migration and communication activities. The tomb of Dabao Mountain is in the final forming period of the northern cultural belt. The study of ancient DNA on the human remains unearthed in this cemetery is helpful to further understand the exchange of people and culture at that time. The central and southern part of Inner Mongolia is rich in tombs, which provides sufficient materials for the study of ancient people in this area. But up to now, the study of DNA, especially Y chromosome DNA, for the ancient population of the pre-Qin period in this region needs to be strengthened. Moreover, most of the ancient DNA studies contain only one aspect of mitochondrial DNA or Y chromosome DNA. In this paper, the genetic polymorphisms of the ancient inhabitants of Dapu Mountain cemetery were analyzed and studied from maternal and paternal aspects. The source of its population is discussed. In this paper, the mitochondrial DNA of the ancient inhabitants of Dapu Mountain Cemetery is studied. It is found that the mitochondrial haplotypes of the ancient cemeteries can be classified into the seven haplotypes of BDDFFG Gn9aAZ and M *. Compared with the mitochondrial DNA data of other ancient people, the results showed that there may be a close genetic relationship between the people in the Dabao Mountain cemetery and the ancient people in the Central Plains. Among them, the genetic distance is close to that of the people who are believed to be immigrants from the Central Plains. A comparison with the modern population suggests that the graveyard is closely related to the modern East Asian population, especially the Han nationality in northern China. The study of Y chromosome DNA in ancient inhabitants of Dapu Mountain Cemetery showed that there were at least 3 Y-SNP haplotypes in this population, and probably O type. According to the study of Y chromosome DNA in modern population, the population of East Asia is mainly O type, so the ancient inhabitants of Dabaoshan Cemetery may have similar patrilineal genetic structure to the present East Asian population, especially the Chinese Han population. By comparing and analyzing the existing Y chromosome DNA data of ancient population, the results suggest that although this population has close patriarchal genetic relationship with the ancient population in Central Plains, it is also mixed with the elements of northern nationalities. Based on the data of mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome DNA, it can be inferred that there may be a close genetic relationship between the ancient inhabitants of Dapu Mountain cemetery, the ancient central plains and the modern East Asian population. But it can also be seen that the origin of this population is not pure, the northern population also has genetic contribution to it.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K878.8

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