清代山西杂姓村宗族祠堂、祖茔及庙宇建设——以碑刻、族谱、村志和田野调查为中心
发布时间：2018-08-30 14:51
【摘要】：清代华北宗族式微似乎已是目前学界共识。从表象上看,这一时期华北很少出现华南地区大型单一宗族数村相连,祠堂势力几乎凌驾于地方政府权力之上的局面。然而,笔者在数年华北田野调查中,发现祠堂、宗族这些被学者忽略的字眼却屡屡出现在当地耆老的记忆中,在数以千记的村志中也是难以绕开的话题。清代山西的村落以杂姓村居多,村内较大宗族均有规模不一的祠堂,个别村落甚至有近十座之多,它们和村落庙宇相互叠加出现、彼此协调共生,同时也存在倾轧和争夺村落资源的情况。同村内,大姓宗族往往会在数百年中持续关注一些固定庙宇的修葺,后起强势家族也会以村庙为武器与其争夺村内话语权。在村落空间布局上,祠堂一般分布在本姓聚集区,小型庙宇散布全村,大庙则在村落高阜处,周围则是排布整齐的各族祖茔。
[Abstract]:The decline of North China clans in Qing Dynasty seems to be the consensus of scholars at present. On the surface, in this period, there were few large monogamous villages and villages in south China, and the ancestral hall power was almost superior to the local government power. However, in the field investigation in North China for several years, the author found that the words of ancestral hall and clan, which were neglected by scholars, often appeared in the memory of the local elders, and it was also a difficult topic to avoid in the thousands of records of villages. In the Qing Dynasty, the villages in Shanxi had many mixed surnames, and the larger clans in the villages had ancestral halls of different scales, and even a few villages had as many as ten. They superimposed with the villages and temples and co-existed with each other in harmony and symbiosis. At the same time, there are also the situation of rolling over and competing for village resources. In the same village, the clans often pay close attention to the repair of fixed temples for hundreds of years, and later powerful families will use village temples as a weapon to fight for the right to speak in the village. In the layout of the village space, ancestral halls are generally distributed in the area where the family name is concentrated, small temples are scattered throughout the village, and the great temples are in the village of Gao Fu, surrounded by neatly arranged ancestral tombs of all nationalities.
【作者单位】： 山西师范大学戏曲文物研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“明清山西碑刻题名收集整理与研究”(14BZS028)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K820.9;K872
，
本文编号：2213404
[Abstract]:The decline of North China clans in Qing Dynasty seems to be the consensus of scholars at present. On the surface, in this period, there were few large monogamous villages and villages in south China, and the ancestral hall power was almost superior to the local government power. However, in the field investigation in North China for several years, the author found that the words of ancestral hall and clan, which were neglected by scholars, often appeared in the memory of the local elders, and it was also a difficult topic to avoid in the thousands of records of villages. In the Qing Dynasty, the villages in Shanxi had many mixed surnames, and the larger clans in the villages had ancestral halls of different scales, and even a few villages had as many as ten. They superimposed with the villages and temples and co-existed with each other in harmony and symbiosis. At the same time, there are also the situation of rolling over and competing for village resources. In the same village, the clans often pay close attention to the repair of fixed temples for hundreds of years, and later powerful families will use village temples as a weapon to fight for the right to speak in the village. In the layout of the village space, ancestral halls are generally distributed in the area where the family name is concentrated, small temples are scattered throughout the village, and the great temples are in the village of Gao Fu, surrounded by neatly arranged ancestral tombs of all nationalities.
【作者单位】： 山西师范大学戏曲文物研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“明清山西碑刻题名收集整理与研究”(14BZS028)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K820.9;K872
，
本文编号：2213404
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