长江忠县、巫山考古遗址的古环境研究
发布时间：2018-08-31 13:40
【摘要】：随着全球变化研究的深入,人类文化发展与自然地理环境演变的关系越来越多的成为科学界关注的热点。地理环境演变被认为是影响古代人地关系变迁的重要因素之一,文明的孕育、发展、衰落等与自然地理环境演变直接相关。利用考古遗址地层和自然地层整合来恢复历史环境、探求环境演变的信息以及阐述当前地理环境与人地关系的形成和特点具有重要意义,也是目前探讨区域文化发展对全球变化响应行之有效的方法。 重庆地处青藏高原与长江中下游平原的过渡地带,是西南季风和东亚季风的交界处,对气候变化响应非常敏感,也是中华文明孕育和发展的重要地区。对该区考古遗址的古环境研究对于研究区域文化发展与自然地理环境演变的关系及其对全球变化的响应具有重要意义。本文选择该区长江一级阶地上忠县甘蔗丘遗址和巫山县大石洞遗址,通过对遗址沉积物进行粒度、磁化率、孢粉等指标的综合分析,探讨考古遗址反映的文化发展与环境演变的关系,并同周边及其他地区的考古遗址地层和自然地层的气候记录进行广泛对比,进一步探讨区域人地关系对全球变化的响应机制。获得了一些新的认识: 甘蔗丘遗址在商周时期,气候较为温暖,先民在此活动;唐宋时期,气候较为温凉湿润,在唐宋中期后,该遗址或附近开始水稻种植,发展农耕;在明清时期,水稻型禾本科含量达到最大,人类活动频繁。大石洞遗址显示,在20-10ka.B.P.,该区气候环境经历了较为温暖湿润-冷凉偏干-气温回升,湿度加大的变化,古人类生活在较为温暖湿润的气候环境下。 甘蔗丘遗址位于长江一级阶地上,根据粒度分析结果,该区历史时期洪水发生较为频繁,该遗址主要是洪水的平流沉积,洪水对于该区农耕文明的影响并不明显。从大石洞遗址的粒度变化特征来看,该遗址沉积主要是洪水沉积;在950-720cm,推断可能有古人类活动,存在二次堆积。在720-320cm,主要是洪水平流沉积,320-100cm,洪水沉积外,也伴随泥石流爆发。 通过甘蔗丘遗址地层与其他遗址地层和自然地层的对比发现,该区文化较为繁荣发展的时期大都发生在气候较为温凉偏湿的气候环境下,与该区冬季风减弱,有效湿度增大时期相对应;大石洞遗址环境变化受西南季风和东亚季风在不同地质历史时期转换的影响较大,与东亚季风区的黄土沉积表现的气候环境变化有差别,与格陵兰冰芯和低纬度深海沉积略有不同,可能由于所处的纬度位置和受控的气候系统不同所致。
[Abstract]:With the development of global change, the relationship between the development of human culture and the evolution of natural geographical environment has become a hot topic in the scientific community. The evolution of geographical environment is considered to be one of the important factors influencing the change of ancient people's land relationship. The breeding, development and decline of civilization are directly related to the evolution of natural geographical environment. It is of great significance to use the integration of archaeological site strata and natural strata to restore the historical environment, to search for information on the evolution of the environment and to expound the formation and characteristics of the present geographical environment and the relationship between man and land. It is also an effective method to explore the response of regional cultural development to global change. Chongqing is located in the transitional zone between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the plain of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which is the junction of the southwest monsoon and the East Asian monsoon. Chongqing is very sensitive to the response to climate change, and is also an important region for the breeding and development of Chinese civilization. The study of paleoenvironment of archaeological sites in this area is of great significance for the study of the relationship between regional cultural development and the evolution of natural geographical environment and its response to global changes. In this paper, the site of Sugarcane Hill in the first step of the Yangtze River and the site of Dashidong in Wushan County are selected. The granularity, magnetic susceptibility, sporopollen and other indexes of the sediment of the site are analyzed synthetically. This paper probes into the relationship between the cultural development reflected by archaeological sites and the evolution of the environment, and makes extensive comparisons with the climatic records of the strata and natural strata of archaeological sites in the surrounding and other regions, and further discusses the response mechanism of regional man-land relations to global changes. Some new insights have been gained: during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the climate of the Sugarcane Hill site was warmer and the ancestors were active here; during the Tang and Song dynasties, the climate was cooler and wetter, and after the middle of the Tang and Song dynasties, the site or nearby began to grow rice. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the content of rice gramineous was the highest and the human activities were frequent. Dashidong site shows that in 20-10ka.B.P., the climatic environment in this area has experienced the changes of warmer and wet-dry temperature, higher humidity, and the paleo mankind lives in a warmer and wetter climate. Sugarcane mound site is located on the first terrace of the Yangtze River. According to the results of granularity analysis, flood occurred frequently in the historical period in this area. The site is mainly the advection deposit of flood, and the flood has no obvious effect on farming civilization in this area. According to the grain size variation characteristics of Dashidong site, the deposit of this site is mainly flood deposition, and at 950-720 cm, it is inferred that there may be paleo human activities and secondary accumulation. In 720-320 cm, mainly flood horizontal flow deposition 320-100 cm, flood sediment, also accompanied by debris flow. By comparing sugarcane mound site strata with other sites and natural strata, it is found that most of the prosperous periods of the culture in this area occurred in the cooler and wetter climate, and the winter monsoon was weakened in this area. The environmental change of Dashidong site is influenced by the change of southwest monsoon and East Asian monsoon in different geological historical periods, which is different from that of loess sediment in East Asia monsoon region. It is slightly different from the Greenland ice core and deep-sea deposits at low latitudes, which may be due to the different latitudes and controlled climatic systems.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K878
本文编号：2215156
[Abstract]:With the development of global change, the relationship between the development of human culture and the evolution of natural geographical environment has become a hot topic in the scientific community. The evolution of geographical environment is considered to be one of the important factors influencing the change of ancient people's land relationship. The breeding, development and decline of civilization are directly related to the evolution of natural geographical environment. It is of great significance to use the integration of archaeological site strata and natural strata to restore the historical environment, to search for information on the evolution of the environment and to expound the formation and characteristics of the present geographical environment and the relationship between man and land. It is also an effective method to explore the response of regional cultural development to global change. Chongqing is located in the transitional zone between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the plain of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which is the junction of the southwest monsoon and the East Asian monsoon. Chongqing is very sensitive to the response to climate change, and is also an important region for the breeding and development of Chinese civilization. The study of paleoenvironment of archaeological sites in this area is of great significance for the study of the relationship between regional cultural development and the evolution of natural geographical environment and its response to global changes. In this paper, the site of Sugarcane Hill in the first step of the Yangtze River and the site of Dashidong in Wushan County are selected. The granularity, magnetic susceptibility, sporopollen and other indexes of the sediment of the site are analyzed synthetically. This paper probes into the relationship between the cultural development reflected by archaeological sites and the evolution of the environment, and makes extensive comparisons with the climatic records of the strata and natural strata of archaeological sites in the surrounding and other regions, and further discusses the response mechanism of regional man-land relations to global changes. Some new insights have been gained: during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the climate of the Sugarcane Hill site was warmer and the ancestors were active here; during the Tang and Song dynasties, the climate was cooler and wetter, and after the middle of the Tang and Song dynasties, the site or nearby began to grow rice. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the content of rice gramineous was the highest and the human activities were frequent. Dashidong site shows that in 20-10ka.B.P., the climatic environment in this area has experienced the changes of warmer and wet-dry temperature, higher humidity, and the paleo mankind lives in a warmer and wetter climate. Sugarcane mound site is located on the first terrace of the Yangtze River. According to the results of granularity analysis, flood occurred frequently in the historical period in this area. The site is mainly the advection deposit of flood, and the flood has no obvious effect on farming civilization in this area. According to the grain size variation characteristics of Dashidong site, the deposit of this site is mainly flood deposition, and at 950-720 cm, it is inferred that there may be paleo human activities and secondary accumulation. In 720-320 cm, mainly flood horizontal flow deposition 320-100 cm, flood sediment, also accompanied by debris flow. By comparing sugarcane mound site strata with other sites and natural strata, it is found that most of the prosperous periods of the culture in this area occurred in the cooler and wetter climate, and the winter monsoon was weakened in this area. The environmental change of Dashidong site is influenced by the change of southwest monsoon and East Asian monsoon in different geological historical periods, which is different from that of loess sediment in East Asia monsoon region. It is slightly different from the Greenland ice core and deep-sea deposits at low latitudes, which may be due to the different latitudes and controlled climatic systems.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K878
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