长江下游地区史前经济与社会文明化进程
发布时间：2018-09-17 18:40
【摘要】：长江下游地区史前文化的发展,在中国史前文化格局和早期文明起源问题中扮演着一个十分重要的角色。对这个地区史前社会复杂化过程的系统研究,不仅有助于区域研究从文化史层次进一步向社会取向转化,同时也对正确认识中国早期文明多元一体的发展过程有重大的意义。 本文的研究,在长江下游地区大量的考古发掘和研究已经构建起详尽的史前文化谱系和编年的基础上,以史前经济为切入点,以聚落考古学的研究方法为核心,将经济与社会、聚落个体与聚落群体的研究放在同等重要的位置上,对长江下游地区史前经济和社会文明化进程进行重新梳理和思考,为中国史前社会文明化的研究提供一条新的思路及研究实例。 其中,社会经济的研究将坚持宏观与微观相结合的方法,即一方面以区域性的宏观考察为主,另一方面又将考察的重点置于比较容易观察且易被实物遗存证实的取食生业系统和手工业及其产品贸易系统这两大系统,从社会经济的角度对长江下游地区史前社会的发展作出一个阶段性和特征性的划分。 另外,关于社会问题的考察与研究将以聚落为基点,秉持个体与群体研究并重的理念,分别从聚落个体与聚落群体形态二个不同的视角切入,以期获得对有关问题的全方位的认识。 结合以上两大要点对长江下游地区史前社会的经济和社会进行分析,我们可以将其划分为三个连续发展的阶段：第一阶段是新石器早期至新石器时代晚期前段,此时广谱经济确立并在经济结构中占主体地位,农业经济发展迅速；聚落及聚落间大体平等,马家浜—河姆渡文化时期是质均平等社会的高度发展时期。第二阶段是崧泽文化早、中期阶段,此时社会经济发展回落,尚未有确凿的实例说明生业系统中的广谱经济已被稻作农业经济反超,只能蠡测两者大体处于持平的状态；聚落内部及聚落间出现初步的分层和分化,二级聚落结构普遍增多,出现了掌握社会财力、权力的特殊人物。第三阶段是从崧泽晚期至良渚文化时期,此时犁耕稻作农业取代采集渔猎为主要内容的广谱经济,成为此时社会经济结构的核心内容；而聚落内部及聚落间分层和分化严重,不仅单个聚落规模出现大、中、小三个等级,而且以这三个等级的聚落所构成的聚落结构也呈现出三种级别的状态,其中复杂的三级聚落结构应该与王权的产生紧密相关。
[Abstract]:The development of prehistoric culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River plays a very important role in the pattern of prehistoric culture and the origin of early civilization in China. The systematic study of the complicated process of prehistoric society in this area is not only helpful to the further transformation of regional research from the level of cultural history to social orientation, but also of great significance to the correct understanding of the development process of the pluralistic integration of Chinese early civilization. Based on a large number of archaeological excavations and studies in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, this paper has constructed a detailed genealogy and chronology of prehistoric culture, taking prehistoric economy as the breakthrough point and taking the research method of settlement archaeology as the core to bring the economy and society together. The study of settlement individuals and settlement groups is of equal importance, and the prehistoric economic and social civilization process in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is reorganized and pondered. It provides a new way of thinking and an example for the study of prehistoric civilization in China. Among them, the study of social economy will adhere to the method of combining macro and micro, that is, on the one hand, it will focus on regional macroscopic investigation. On the other hand, the focus of the study will be on the two major systems, which are relatively easy to observe and easily verified by physical remains, namely, the feeding and feeding industry system and the handicraft industry and its products trading system, From the point of view of social economy, the prehistoric social development in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is divided into stages and characteristics. In addition, the investigation and research on social problems will be based on settlement, with the concept of equal emphasis on individual and group research, from two different perspectives of settlement individual and settlement group form. In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the relevant issues. In combination with the above two main points, the economic and social analysis of prehistoric society in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River can be divided into three stages of continuous development: the first stage is from the early Neolithic to the early Neolithic period. At this time the broad spectrum economy was established and occupied the main position in the economic structure, and the agricultural economy developed rapidly. The period of Majiabang-Hemudu culture was the period of high development of the society of equal quality. The second stage is Song Ze culture early, the middle stage, at this time the social economy development falls back, has not had the concrete example to explain that the broad-spectrum economy in the biological industry system has already been the rice agriculture economy inverse surpassing, can only measure the two to be in the level state generally; There are initial stratification and differentiation in and between settlements, and the secondary settlement structure generally increases, and there are special people who hold the social financial resources and power. The third stage was from the late Songze period to the Liangzhu Culture period, when ploughing rice farming replaced the broad-spectrum economy, which was the main content of collecting, fishing and hunting, and became the core content of the social and economic structure at this time. Not only the single settlement scale appears large, middle and small three levels, but also the settlement structure formed by these three levels of settlements also presents three different levels of state, among which the complex third-level settlement structure should be closely related to Wang Quan's production.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：F129;K878
本文编号：2246773
[Abstract]:The development of prehistoric culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River plays a very important role in the pattern of prehistoric culture and the origin of early civilization in China. The systematic study of the complicated process of prehistoric society in this area is not only helpful to the further transformation of regional research from the level of cultural history to social orientation, but also of great significance to the correct understanding of the development process of the pluralistic integration of Chinese early civilization. Based on a large number of archaeological excavations and studies in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, this paper has constructed a detailed genealogy and chronology of prehistoric culture, taking prehistoric economy as the breakthrough point and taking the research method of settlement archaeology as the core to bring the economy and society together. The study of settlement individuals and settlement groups is of equal importance, and the prehistoric economic and social civilization process in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is reorganized and pondered. It provides a new way of thinking and an example for the study of prehistoric civilization in China. Among them, the study of social economy will adhere to the method of combining macro and micro, that is, on the one hand, it will focus on regional macroscopic investigation. On the other hand, the focus of the study will be on the two major systems, which are relatively easy to observe and easily verified by physical remains, namely, the feeding and feeding industry system and the handicraft industry and its products trading system, From the point of view of social economy, the prehistoric social development in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is divided into stages and characteristics. In addition, the investigation and research on social problems will be based on settlement, with the concept of equal emphasis on individual and group research, from two different perspectives of settlement individual and settlement group form. In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the relevant issues. In combination with the above two main points, the economic and social analysis of prehistoric society in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River can be divided into three stages of continuous development: the first stage is from the early Neolithic to the early Neolithic period. At this time the broad spectrum economy was established and occupied the main position in the economic structure, and the agricultural economy developed rapidly. The period of Majiabang-Hemudu culture was the period of high development of the society of equal quality. The second stage is Song Ze culture early, the middle stage, at this time the social economy development falls back, has not had the concrete example to explain that the broad-spectrum economy in the biological industry system has already been the rice agriculture economy inverse surpassing, can only measure the two to be in the level state generally; There are initial stratification and differentiation in and between settlements, and the secondary settlement structure generally increases, and there are special people who hold the social financial resources and power. The third stage was from the late Songze period to the Liangzhu Culture period, when ploughing rice farming replaced the broad-spectrum economy, which was the main content of collecting, fishing and hunting, and became the core content of the social and economic structure at this time. Not only the single settlement scale appears large, middle and small three levels, but also the settlement structure formed by these three levels of settlements also presents three different levels of state, among which the complex third-level settlement structure should be closely related to Wang Quan's production.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：F129;K878
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