隋以前中国造像及其文化发展初探

发布时间：2018-10-10 08:09

【摘要】：几千年的中华文明,形成了具有不同历史特征和文化风格的造像体系。上古造像集巫、礼、俗于一体,表达对自然和鬼神的崇拜敬畏;周公制礼后,社会秩序渐趋稳定,造像中礼制因素凸显;春秋战国承西周之制,造像更为自然生动;秦汉时期,大一统帝制初建,儒家一尊地位确立,人民生活安康,与之对应,造像则表现为恢弘雄壮,儒家礼制,飞升求仙等;魏晋南北朝,由印度传来的佛教及造像渐兴,佛教造像通过与本土文化碰撞融合而实现中国化,其规整的造像体系,深刻的思想内涵,鲜明的宗教特点得以不断完善发展。至此,中国造像所有类型、典型特征和影响因素皆已齐备,体系架构基本完成。本文冀图通过研究先秦至魏晋南北朝中国造像及其文化发展,探索内在的文化特点和历史规律,以发现社会思想的变迁与造像发展的交互影响关系。
[Abstract]:Thousands of years of Chinese civilization, the formation of different historical characteristics and cultural styles of the image system. The ancient statues were integrated with witchcraft, rites and customs to express their reverence for nature and ghosts. After Zhou Gong's ritual, the social order gradually became stable, and the ritual factors in the statue became prominent. In the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States, the system of the Western Zhou Dynasty was more natural and vivid; during the Qin and Han dynasties, the statues were more vivid and natural. When the monarchy was first established, the status of Confucianism was established, and the people lived in peace and health, corresponding to which the statues were shown to be magnificent and majestic, the Confucian ritual system, soaring up and seeking immortals, and so on. In the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, Buddhism and statues from India gradually flourished. Buddhist statues are realized in China through the collision and fusion with local culture. Its regular image system, profound ideological connotation and distinct religious characteristics have been continuously improved and developed. By now, all types, typical features and influencing factors of Chinese statues have been completed, and the architecture has been basically completed. Through the study of Chinese statues and their cultural development from pre-Qin to Wei Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties this paper explores the inherent cultural characteristics and historical laws in order to find out the interaction between the changes of social ideology and the development of statues.
【作者单位】：南开大学历史学院;
【分类号】：K879.3

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