陕西淳化枣树沟脑遗址马坑出土马骨研究

发布时间：2018-10-23 10:50

【摘要】：研究陕西淳化枣树沟脑遗址马坑出土马匹是否为已经驯化,为中国家养马匹的判定提供系列标准,同时复原遗址周边的自然环境与经济类型。鉴定马坑出土马匹的性别年龄,测量其骨骼数据,在此基础上,运用形态特征、年龄结构、性别比例、数量比例、考古学现象、病理学、食性分析和古DNA分析的方法开展综合研究。马坑内4匹马的年龄分别为15~18岁、1岁、2~2.5岁、1~2岁,且其中一匹为雄性。形态特征、性别比例、考古学现象等系列标准显示它们为家养马匹。这是目前首次对陕西地区先秦马坑、车马坑出土马骨进行的动物考古学研究,为探讨家马起源、迁徙、埋葬习俗、遗址自然环境和经济类型等问题提供更为科学的信息。
[Abstract]:This paper studies whether the horses unearthed in Ma Keng of Zaoshunou Nao site in Chunhua Shaanxi Province have been domesticated, which provides a series of criteria for judging Chinese domestic horses, and also restores the natural environment and economic types around the site. To identify the sex and age of the horses unearthed in Makeng, and to measure the bone data of the horses. On the basis of this, the morphological features, age structure, sex ratio, quantity ratio, archaeological phenomena, pathology, The methods of food analysis and ancient DNA analysis were studied. The four horses in the pit were 1518 years old, 1 year old, 22. 5 years old, 1 ~ 2 years old, and one of them was male. A series of criteria such as morphological characteristics, sex ratios, and archaeological phenomena indicate that they are domestic horses. This is the first animal archaeological study of horse bones unearthed in the pre-Qin horse pit and Chema pit in Shaanxi Province, which provides more scientific information for the discussion of the origin, migration, burial custom, natural environment and economic types of the ruins.
【作者单位】：西北大学文化遗产学院;中国社会科学院考古研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大招标资助项目(12&ZD195);国家社会科学基金资助项目(13CKG011) 国家文物局全国文物保护科学研究课题(20110222) 西北大学“十二五”、“211工程”研究生创新人才培养基金资助项目(YZZ12079)
【分类号】：S665.1;K878

【参考文献】