定窑遗址考古出土制釉原料的探析

发布时间：2018-10-23 18:45

【摘要】：定窑是宋代五大名窑之一,是北方地区制作白瓷的重要窑口。2009-2010年的定窑考古发掘,除了出土大量各时期的瓷器和窑具以外,还在作坊区、灰坑等处出土了一系列制瓷原料。本文利用X射线荧光波谱法、X射线衍射法、Rietveld全谱拟合物相定量法分析了与制釉相关原料的元素组成及物相,并采用高温加热实验观察烧后样品的颜色和耐热性能。分析结果表明定窑考古出土的制釉原料有三种:硅质原料、钙质原料和高岭土原料,并根据化学成分得到了定瓷釉的理论配比。定窑配釉也使用了"釉灰加釉石"的方式,与文献记载的南宋景德镇和明代龙泉地区相近。定窑的此种配釉工艺可能在北宋晚期就已存在,从而把"釉灰加釉石"的配釉工艺提前到北宋晚期。
[Abstract]:Ding kiln is one of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty, which is an important kiln entrance for making white porcelain in the northern area. In 2009-2010, in addition to a large number of porcelain and kiln furniture unearthed in various periods, a series of porcelain raw materials were unearthed in the workshop area, ash pits and other places. In this paper, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Rietveld full-spectrum fitting phase quantitative analysis were used to analyze the composition and phase of the raw materials related to glaze making. The color and heat resistance of the samples after firing were observed by high temperature heating experiment. The results show that there are three kinds of glaze materials unearthed in Ding kiln: silica, calcium and kaolin, and the theoretical proportion of the glaze is obtained according to the chemical composition. The method of "glaze ash and glaze stone" is also used in the kiln, which is similar to the Jingdezhen in the Southern Song Dynasty and the Longquan area in the Ming Dynasty. This kind of glaze matching process of Ding kiln may have existed in the late Northern Song Dynasty, so that the glaze matching process of "glaze gray and glaze stone" was advanced to the late Northern Song Dynasty.
【作者单位】：故宫博物院古陶瓷保护研究国家文物局重点科研基地;北京大学考古文博学院;
【基金】：国家文物局“指南针计划”课题《中国古代白瓷发明创造价值挖掘与标本库及数据库建设》(编号:20100301) 国家文物局课题《古陶瓷物相的X射线衍射全谱拟合定量分析研究》(编号:20080217) 故宫博物院古陶瓷保护研究国家文物局重点科研基地课题《河北曲阳定窑遗址考古发掘出土白瓷的工艺技术研究》(编号:GBJ201104)资助
【分类号】：K876.3

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